Carbohydrate Energy Production 4 Flashcards
What enzyme converts Pyruvate to Acetyl CoA?
Pyruvate Dehydrogenase
What is Pyruvate Dehydrogenase activated and inhibited by?
Activated by low energy compounds and dephosphorylation
Inhibited by high energy compounds and phosphorylation
What is the byproduct of the conversion of Pyruvate to Acetyl CoA and where does it occur in a cell?
- CO2 byproduct (makes reaction irreversible)
- Occurs in mitochondrial matrix
Name 3 products of the Tricaboxylic Acid Cycle (TCA)
- CO2
- NADH
- FADH2
- GTP
What does the TCA cycle need to function and what is it a central pathway in?
- Needs O2
- Central pathway in Catabolism of sugars, fatty acids, ketone bodies
What is broken in acetate in the TCA cycle and what is it oxidised to?
- C-C bonds are broken
- C is oxidised to CO2
Is the TCA cycle Oxidative or reductive and why?
Oxidative as it produces NADH and FADH2
What 3 mechanism constitute Catabolism (stage 4 of glycolysis)?
- Electron transport
- ATP Synthase
- Oxidative Phosphorylation
What happens in the Electron Transport phase of Catabolism?
- Electrons on NADH and FAD2H transferred through proton translocating complex to O2
- Energy released and creates [H+] gradient
What is the result of Electron Transport in Catabolism?
- Energy is released in steps
- Waste product is H2O
What is the function of ATP Synthase?
Hydrolyses ATP to ADP + Pi +2H+
What is the relationship between Electron Transport and ATP Synthase?
- Work together in Oxidative Phosphorylation
- Protons from Electron Transport travel through ATP Synthase driving ATP synthesis
Do NADH or FAD2H electrons have the most energy?
NADH
How is Oxidative Phosphorylation regulated?
- Regulated by mitochondrial ATP
- If ATP is too high electron transport stops
Name 3 ways Oxidative Phosphorylation can be inhibited
- Inhibition of Electron Transport
- Uncouplers which increase membrane permeability to H+
- Genetic defects
