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Nutrition Exam 4 > Nutrition and Wasting Disorders > Flashcards

Nutrition and Wasting Disorders Flashcards

1
Q

What is Cancer?

A

uncontrolled growth of cells

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2
Q

What are oncogenes?

A

nucleic acid sequences that turns normal cells into cancerous cells

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3
Q

What are Tumor Suppressor Genes?

A

keep cell division in check

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4
Q

What are proto-oncogenes?

A

works with tumor suppressor genes to keep cell division in check

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5
Q

What is Apoptosis?

A

programmed cell death, keeps cell division in check

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6
Q

What is Metastasis?

A

the spreading of cancer

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7
Q

What is Benign?

A

abnormal growth but doesn’t spread or threaten other parts of the body’s cells

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8
Q

What is malignant?

A

spreading cancer

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9
Q

How does DNA mutation happen?

A

Proto-oncogenes turn into oncogenes… oncogenes code for cancer

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10
Q

Benign tumor…

A

non cancerous, usually grows within a self contained capsule. does not invade nearby tissue or spread

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11
Q

Malignant tumor…

A

cancerous, usually grows out of control and may spread to other parts of the body through the blood or lymph systems

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12
Q

Carcinoma

A

cancer of the epithelial tissue

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13
Q

Sarcoma

A

cancer of the connective tissue

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14
Q

Carcinogen

A

component that causes cancer

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15
Q

Cancer Cachexia

A

anorexia, increased metabolism that leads to wasting

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16
Q

Cytokines

A

fight tumors, increase metabolism (high energy demand, low energy supply)

17
Q

T/F Treatment for cancer will give you a lack of appetite and nausea.

A

True esp. with chemotherapy

18
Q

When talking about the nutrition aspect of cancer what is a Promoter?

A

promotes or induce mutation (ex. fat)

19
Q

When talking about the nutrition aspect of cancer what is an Antipromoter?

A

stops or reverses mutation

Examples:
Fiber: decreases contact time
Vitamin C and E : antioxidant (fight off free radicals)
Selenium : prevents MUFA and PUFA oxidation
Phytochemicals: vegetables
Dithiolthiones in cruciferous vegetables

20
Q

What is the Antipromoter in cruciferous vegetables called?

A

dithiolthiones

21
Q

Selenium is an Antipromoter that prevents MUFA and PUFA oxidation… What is MUFA and PUFA?

A

MUFA - mono unsaturated fatty acid
PUFA - poly unsaturated fatty acid

both MUFA and PUFA (fat) when oxidized give you free radicals… which destroys cells and causes DNA mutation

22
Q

What are some examples of cruciferous vegetables?

A

cabbage, cauliflower, broccoli, brussel sprouts, collards, turnips, radishes

23
Q

What are the types of treatment for cancer?

A

Radiation
Chemotherapy
Surgery

24
Q

Radiation Cancer Treatment

A

X-rays and gamma rays (reactive oxygen radicals, DNA damage)

25
Q

Chemotherapy Cancer Treatment

A

drugs (inhibit growth, shrink tumor before surgery, prevent metastasis)

Purpose: to stop cell division (growth)

Side effect: damage to healthy, normal dividing cells

26
Q

Surgery Cancer Treatment

A

removal of the tumor

Surgery depends on if they can get all of the tumor out, if not the tumor could grow back

27
Q

Discuss the Tumor Metabolism

A

goes through Glycolysis

if less oxygen: production of lactic acid

liver use more energy: conversion into glucose

28
Q

Bone Marrow Transplant patients

A

IV feedings with Glutamate (becomes an essential amino acid when body is under stress)

Lactose-free, low fiber, low fat, liquids, high protein, high Ca, high vitamin D

29
Q

How do tumor cells grow?

A

tumor cells also go through glycolysis but cancer cells don’t go through the Krebs cycle… they accumulate lactic acid on the muscles and then the Cori Cycle (to remove the lactic acid) increases the demand of the liver

*the cori cycle takes place in the liver

30
Q

AIDS

A

acquired immunodeficiency syndrome

comes from HIV (a viral infection of the helper T-cells)

nutrition seems to correlate with survival time

31
Q

What is the cause of death with AIDS?

A

opportunistic infections (secondary infections to the AIDS)

32
Q

What is the incubation time for AIDS?

A

long incubation time… YEARS

33
Q

What to helper T cells do?

A

tell your body what is an infection and when you need to fight it off

34
Q

What happens when you have damaged or no helper T cells?

A

your body cannot tell you when you need to fight off invaders so they go unchecked

35
Q

When does a person go from having HIV to AIDS?

A

When your helper T cell count falls below 200 cells/mm3

your body can no longer tell what is an infection at this point

36
Q

What are the nutritional problems related to AIDS?

A 
hypermetabolic
stress and depression
Thrush
Herpes ulcers in the mouth
Pneumonia and TB
Nausea, diarrhea, and loss of appetite 
Malabsorption
low acid secretion (calcium and iron favor acidity)
bacterial overgrowth
37
Q

What is thrush?

A

fungal infection of the mouth

Nutrition Exam 4 (10 decks)

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