Enteral Nutrition Flashcards
define Complete Formula
supplies all nutrients needed
define Enteral Nutrition
provides nutrients using the GI tract
define Tube Feeding
through a tube into the stomach or intestine
define Isotonic
same concentration as the blood
define Hypertonic
more concentrated than the blood
describe the Standard Formula
- polymeric: intact proteins, modified starches, maltodextrin and sugars
- individuals who can digest and absorbs nutrients without difficulty
describe Elemental Formula
- hydrolyzed, chemically defined, or monomeric formulas: short-chain carbohydrates and proteins, medium-chain triglycerides
- individuals who have compromised digestive or absorptive functions
describe Specialized Formulas
- disease-specific formulas: patients with particular illness (liver, kidney, lung, metabolic stress)
- expensive
describe Modular Formulas
for patients who require specific nutrient combinations to treat illnesses
When is tube feeding recommended?
- patients at risk of developing PEM (protein energy malnutrition)
- unable to consume adequate food or formula for 7 days
what are the 3 less invasive different feeding tube routes?
1) nasogastric
2) nasoduodenal
3) nasojejunal
discuss the nasogastric feeding tube route.
- nose to stomach
- transnasal
- up to 4 weeks
what is an Enterostomy?
- surgical opening into the GI tract
- if feeding tube is required for more than 4 weeks
what is a Gastronomy?
feeding tube inserted into surgical opening into the stomach
what is Jejunostomy?
feeding tube inserted into surgical opening in the jejunum
define Aspiration
formula or GI secretion enters the lung
what is Aspiration Pneumonia?
lung infection cause by inhaling regurgitated fluid
How is Formula delivered?
-intermittent feedings or continuous feedings
describe intermittent feeding.
relatively large amounts of formula several times a day
describe continuous feeding.
smaller amounts, continuously throughout the day, 8 to 24 hours, intestinal feedings
What kind of feeding is used for the non surgical feeding tubes?
intermittent and bolus feeding
describe bolus feeding.
- what intermittent feeding is usually
- rapid delivery of large volume in the stomach, every 3 to 4 hours
- ex: 250 to 500 mL in less than 20 minutes
define Gastric Residual Volume.
what is left in the stomach from previous feeding
how and why do you check for Gastric Residual Volume?
- with syringe
- to ensure that the stomach is emptying properly
what is the residue that could be left in the stomach?
-secretions, bacteria, shed cells, fiber, undigested food
What are the benefits of stomach feeding?
-more controlled rate from the stomach to the intestines (body’s normal functions, pyloric sphincter, regulates)
What are the disadvantages of stomach feeding?
-regurgitation is possible
what are the benefits of intestine feeding?
- regurgitation is rare
- usually “preferable” because peristalsis returns sooner
What are the disadvantages of intestine feeding?
- intestine is flooded with too many nutrients
- breakdown/absorption is affected
What are some special considerations to make when tube feeding infants?
- through mouth - risk of choking
- inserted at every feeding (removed after every feeding)
What are some concerns about the safety and regulation of enteral formula?
- regulated by the FDA, but monitored by manufacturer
- marketed before studies are complete
