Enteral Nutrition

Question 1

define Complete Formula

Answer 1

supplies all nutrients needed

Question 2

define Enteral Nutrition

Answer 2

provides nutrients using the GI tract

Question 3

define Tube Feeding

Answer 3

through a tube into the stomach or intestine

Question 4

define Isotonic

Answer 4

same concentration as the blood

Question 5

define Hypertonic

Answer 5

more concentrated than the blood

Question 6

describe the Standard Formula

Answer 6

• polymeric: intact proteins, modified starches, maltodextrin and sugars
• individuals who can digest and absorbs nutrients without difficulty

Question 7

describe Elemental Formula

Answer 7

• hydrolyzed, chemically defined, or monomeric formulas: short-chain carbohydrates and proteins, medium-chain triglycerides
• individuals who have compromised digestive or absorptive functions

Question 8

describe Specialized Formulas

Answer 8

• disease-specific formulas: patients with particular illness (liver, kidney, lung, metabolic stress)
• expensive

Question 9

describe Modular Formulas

Answer 9

for patients who require specific nutrient combinations to treat illnesses

Question 10

When is tube feeding recommended?

Answer 10

• patients at risk of developing PEM (protein energy malnutrition)
• unable to consume adequate food or formula for 7 days

Question 11

what are the 3 less invasive different feeding tube routes?

Answer 11

1) nasogastric
2) nasoduodenal
3) nasojejunal

Question 12

discuss the nasogastric feeding tube route.

Answer 12

• nose to stomach
• transnasal
• up to 4 weeks

Question 13

what is an Enterostomy?

Answer 13

• surgical opening into the GI tract

- if feeding tube is required for more than 4 weeks

Question 14

what is a Gastronomy?

Answer 14

feeding tube inserted into surgical opening into the stomach

Question 15

what is Jejunostomy?

Answer 15

feeding tube inserted into surgical opening in the jejunum

Question 16

define Aspiration

Answer 16

formula or GI secretion enters the lung

Question 17

what is Aspiration Pneumonia?

Answer 17

lung infection cause by inhaling regurgitated fluid

Question 18

How is Formula delivered?

Answer 18

-intermittent feedings or continuous feedings

Question 19

describe intermittent feeding.

Answer 19

relatively large amounts of formula several times a day

Question 20

describe continuous feeding.

Answer 20

smaller amounts, continuously throughout the day, 8 to 24 hours, intestinal feedings

Question 21

What kind of feeding is used for the non surgical feeding tubes?

Answer 21

intermittent and bolus feeding

Question 22

describe bolus feeding.

Answer 22

• what intermittent feeding is usually
• rapid delivery of large volume in the stomach, every 3 to 4 hours
• ex: 250 to 500 mL in less than 20 minutes

Question 23

define Gastric Residual Volume.

Answer 23

what is left in the stomach from previous feeding

Question 24

how and why do you check for Gastric Residual Volume?

Answer 24

• with syringe

- to ensure that the stomach is emptying properly

Question 25

what is the residue that could be left in the stomach?

Answer 25

-secretions, bacteria, shed cells, fiber, undigested food

Question 26

What are the benefits of stomach feeding?

Answer 26

-more controlled rate from the stomach to the intestines (body’s normal functions, pyloric sphincter, regulates)

Question 27

What are the disadvantages of stomach feeding?

Answer 27

-regurgitation is possible

Question 28

what are the benefits of intestine feeding?

Answer 28

• regurgitation is rare

- usually “preferable” because peristalsis returns sooner

Question 29

What are the disadvantages of intestine feeding?

Answer 29

• intestine is flooded with too many nutrients

- breakdown/absorption is affected

Question 30

What are some special considerations to make when tube feeding infants?

Answer 30

• through mouth - risk of choking

- inserted at every feeding (removed after every feeding)

Question 31

What are some concerns about the safety and regulation of enteral formula?

Answer 31

• regulated by the FDA, but monitored by manufacturer

- marketed before studies are complete