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Path - chempath > Nutrition > Flashcards

Nutrition Flashcards

1
Q

what is the state of marasmus?

A

Marasmus is a form of severe malnutrition characterized by energy deficiency.

Shrivelled
Growth retarded
Severe muscle wasting
No s/c fat

in children
marasmus is inadequate energy intake in all forms, including protein.

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2
Q

what is the state of kwashiorkor?

A 
Oedematous
Scaling/ulcerated 
Lethargic
Large liver, s/c fat
Protein deficient

kwashiorkor is protein deficiency with adequate energy intake

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3
Q

for vitamin A/retinol list what the following causes:

deficiency
excess

ivx test?

A

d : colour blindness
e: exfoliation hepatitis

ivx: serum

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4
Q

list the fat soluble vitamins

A

ADEK

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5
Q

for vitamin D/cholecalciferol list what the following causes:

deficiency
excess

ivx test?

A

d: rickets/osteomalacia
e: hypercalcaemia
ivx: serum

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6
Q

for vitamin E/Tocopherol list what the following causes:

deficiency
excess

ivx test?

A

d: anaemia/ihd/
neuropathy eg ataxia , absent reflexes

e: -
ivx: serum

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7
Q

for vitamin K/Phytomenadione list what the following causes:

deficiency
excess

ivx test?

A

d: defective clotting
e:

ivx: Prothrombin time

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8
Q

list the water soluble vitamins?

A

Vitamin B, Folate(B9), Niacin(B3)

Vitamin C

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9
Q

the following are due to deficiency in which vitamins:

Beri Beri
Neuropathy
Wernicke’s

ivx?

A

vitamin B1 - Thiamin

ivx: RBC Transketolase

remember T for Thiamin+Transketolase
○ The test for B1 takes a long time so people are usually treated on the assumption that they may be thiamine deficient

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10
Q

the following are due to deficiency in which vitamins:

Glossitis

ivx?

A

vitamin b2 - riboflavin

ivx: RBC Glutathione reductase

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11
Q

for vitamin B6 - Pyridoxine list what the following causes:

deficiency
excess

name some causes?

ivx test?

A

d - dermatitis eg rash / seborrheic dermatitis, sideroblastic anaemia
e - neuropathy

ivx: RBC Aspartate aminotrandefrase (AST) activation
cause: Tuberculosis rx - isoniazid

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12
Q

for vitamin B12 - Cobalamin, list what the following causes:

deficiency
excess

ivx test?

A

d - pernicious anaemia

ivx - serum b12

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13
Q

for vitamin C list what the following causes:

deficiency
excess

ivx test?

A

d - scurvy

e - renal stones

ivx - plasma

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14
Q

for vitamin B9 - folate, list what the following causes:

deficiency
excess

ivx test?

A

d - megaloblastic anaemia, neural tube defects

ivx - rbc folate

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15
Q

for vitamin B3 - Niacin, list what the following causes:

deficiency

A

d - pellagra:

characterized by 4 “D’s”: diarrhea, dermatitis, dementia, and death

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16
Q

what are the types of beri beri?

A

○ Wet - characterised by cardiovascular disease (oedema and other heart failure features)

○ Dry - characterised by neurological disease
§ Some may have Wernicke’s encephalopathy
§ Pabrinex is given to alcoholics to prevent Wernicke’s

17
Q

a deficiency of iodine would cause?

ivx?

A

goitre

hypothyroid

ivx - tft

18
Q

Zn deficiency would cause?

A

dermatitis

19
Q

an excess and deficiency of copper would cause?

A

excess - Wilsons

deficiency - anaemia

20
Q

what are risky waist circumference in both genders?

A

men: 94+ at risk , 102+ major risk
women: 80+ at risk, 88+ major risk

21
Q

what are the 3 Bariatric Surgery Procedures?

A

gastric bypass

sleeve gastrectomy

adjustable band

22
Q

what is cholesterol concentration in saturated and polyunsaturated fat

A

saturated - high cholesterol

PUFA - lower

23
Q

give example of an indispensable protein (cannot be made in the body and must be obtained from the diet)

A

leucine

24
Q

give example of a Conditionally indispensable (amino acids that are needed at certain parts of your life)

A

cysteine

25
Q

give example of a Dispensable (the body can produce them?

A

alanine

26
Q

increased concentration of what is associated reduced IHD risk

A

HDL

27
Q

Pancreatic lipase breaks down the fatty acids by _____

A

hydroxylation

28
Q

what structural component is assimilated and deposited in adipose tissue

A

fatty acids

29
Q

what is the component of triglycerides ?

A

• Triglycerides are made up of glycerol and fatty acids

30
Q

which fat measure is the only one affected by fasting?

A

triglycerides - they reduce

31
Q

what are the 5 features of metabolic syndrome?

A

Fasting glucose >6.0mmol/l

HDL Men<1.0. Women<1.3

Hypertension BP>135/80

Microalbumin + Insulin resistance

Waist circumference Men>102 Women>88

32
Q

what controls hunger in hypothalamus?

A

Ghrelin

33
Q

_____ makes up the majority of adipose tissue in the body

A

• White adipose tissue

34
Q

name the satiety hormone that is produced after a meal?

wheere is it made?

A

PYY -> intestines

35
Q

Name 2 function of white eadipose tissue post prandial?

A

makes leptin - anti-hunger hormone (prevents eating more)

releases adiponectin - regulates glucose level and fatty acid breakdown. obese people have less = insulin resistance

Path - chempath (25 decks)

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