Clinical chemistry

Question 1

st johns wort can be used to treat what?

Answer 1

mild to moderate depression

Hypericum perforatum

Question 2

which electrolyte imbalance can cause depression?

Answer 2

Hypercalcaemia

Question 3

name the flexion fracture of the radius?

Answer 3

smiths fracture

Question 4

name the extension fracture of the radius?

Answer 4

colles fracture

Question 5

which is an Ankle fracture which can involve the tibia and fibula

Answer 5

potts

Question 6

if you’re suspecting hypercalcaemia what test should you do?

Answer 6

Plasma calcium

plasma PTH

Question 7

3 causes of hypercalcaemia?

Answer 7

Primary hyperparathyroidism
Sarcoidosis
Cancer

Question 8

Primary hyperparathyroidism

is mediated by?

Answer 8

parathyroid adenoma

Question 9

how does Primary hyperparathyroidism cause high calcium?

Answer 9

BONE - increased resorption

KIDNEY - reduced excretion

INTESTINE - increased absorption

Question 10

PTH is always high in Primary hyperparathyroidism true/false?

Answer 10

false

it can be normal

Question 11

name 4 ways renal calculi can present?

Answer 11

Pain (colic),
haematuria,
recurrent infection,
renal failure

Question 12

3 ways to manage renal calculi?

Answer 12

Natural - let pass

Intervention eg lithotripsy, shockwave

Prevention - drink water, thiazides etc

Question 13

3 hospital interventions for renal calculi?

Answer 13

shockwave Lithotrypsy

cystoscopy

lithotomy - surgery

Question 14

thiazides utility in renal calculi?

Answer 14

reduce hypercalciUIRA

Question 15

when would one initiate management of hypercalcaemia

Answer 15

calcium > over 3

Question 16

management of hypercalcaemia involves?

Answer 16

Rehydrate: 0.9% saline, 1L over 1h

treat:
3-6 L of saline over 24 hours
+ Furosemide

Question 17

what imaging modality for parathyroid imaging?

Answer 17

99 Technetium Sesta MIBI

and USS

Question 18

Radial aspect cystic changes

present in which condition?

Answer 18

Primary Hyperparathyroidism

over time

Question 19

In Primary Hyperparathyroidism, bone histology shows?

Answer 19

Multinucleate giant cells

Question 20

patient with sarcoid induced hypercalcaemia, treatment?

Answer 20

Steroids

Question 21

lung macrophages in sarcoid express which enzyme?

Answer 21

1 alpha hydroxylase