EMQ on enzymes n chemistry Flashcards
what is used to look for abdominal metastases ?
caveats?
FDG (fluorodeoxyglucose) PET scans
NOT specific - though cancer cells are more active, glucose can be taken up by any active cell
what is the scan that ALL oncology patients have ?? why?
technitium bisphonate
looking for bony mets
what is the typical presentation in pagets?
• A bowed tibia is a key feature of Paget’s disease (it will also be warm)
- They have a high risk of fracture
- Most people with Paget’s disease will be ASYMPTOMATIC
which markers have changes in pagets?
- There is an increase in activity of both osteoclasts and osteoblasts
- Osteoblasts: leads to an increase in ALP and osteocalcin
what is the treatment for pagets? why does it work?
bisphosphonates (only if it is painful)
This is because the bone that is formed with calcium bisphosphonate is not degradable by osteoclasts
what is a marker of Glucose Control over the LAST 3 WEEKS and 3 months?
weeks - fructosamine
months - hba1c
what is a useful scan for primary neuroendocrine tumours - insulinomas?
describe what it will show
68 Ga-Dotatate / gallium 68 dotatate - can be added to CT scan:
Its identifying somatostatin receptors:
Red – decent distribution
Whitee – contrast itself
Yellow – hot zone
what is a useful scan for phaechromocytomas?
best - metaiodobenzylguanidine or 131 Iodine-MIBG
note: Gallium dotatate picks up any neuroendocrine tumour (includes phaeochromocytomas and insulinomas
list cardiac enzymes in order of which is increased most to least following MI?
Troponin
CK-MB
AST
LDH
what marker rise most in hepatic cirrhosis?
cirrhoSiS, AST rises the most
Which one rises most in acute renal failure, where the cause is dehydration?
urea
Which one rises most in chronic renal failure, caused by a fall in GFR?
creatinine
