Nutrition

Question 1

Micronutrients

Answer 1

vitamins and minerals

Question 2

macronutrients

Answer 2

proteins, fats carbohydrates,

Question 3

Carbohydrates

Answer 3

• primary source of energy
• used by the body quickly
• sugars and starches
• Complex carbohydrate-(polyglassaride)
• pasta bread, fruits and vegatables \

Question 4

Fats (lipids)

Answer 4

• 3 fatty acids and 1 glycerol = triglyceride
• most concentrated form of energy
• adds flavour and texture to food

Question 5

Triglycerides

Answer 5

Make up most of the fat in our diets
Also make up most of the fat in our bloodstream
High amounts, in combination with cholesterol, lead to plaque formation
Carried by very low-density lipoproteins (VLDL)

Question 6

Saturated Fats

Answer 6

Should be consumed in moderation because linked to high cholesterol and heart disease (new evidence is starting to indicate otherwise; although moderation is still key)
Dominant in animal fat and some plant oils
Solid at room temperature
No double bonds between carbon atoms in fatty acid molecules

Question 7

Unsaturated fats

Answer 7

May lower cholesterol and protect against heart disease
Dominant in plant oils
Liquid at room temperature
Have double bonds between carbon atoms in fatty acid molecules
Monounsaturated: 1 double bond
Polyunsaturated: >1 double bond

Question 8

Trans fat

Answer 8

found in junk food, baked goods, and maragarine

-turns double bonds into single bonds

Question 9

Cholesterol

Answer 9

• strengths cell walls
• linked to high intake of saturated fats
• high levels of LDL is linked to heart disease

Question 10

Low-density lipoprotein (LDL)

Answer 10

• carries cholesterol to bodys cells

- high amounts of cholesterol are deposited as plaques on blood vessels

Question 11

high-density lipoprotein (HDL)

Answer 11

Carries cholesterol back to the liver where it is removed from the body
“Good”, because high amount can protect against heart disease

Question 12

Amino acids

Answer 12

Make up proteins
Proteins are chains of amino acids
20 common naturally occurring
9 cannot be synthesized in the body (essential)
Proteins are considered complete if they contain all 9 essential amino acids

Question 13

Vitamins

Answer 13

Required in small amounts for growth, reproduction and health maintenance

Coenzymes facilitate actions of enzymes in chemical reactions and responses

Two Classes of Vitamins:
Water-soluble are not readily stored in fat and eliminated via urination
Fat-soluble dissolve and are stored in fat and in excess cause toxicity

Question 14

Minerals

Answer 14

Inorganic: non-carbon-containing

Required in small amounts for body regulation, structure, growth and tissue maintenance, catalysts

Major minerals found in large amounts in our bodies (Na, K, Ca, Cl)

Trace elements found in small amounts in our bodies (e.g. Mn, Cu, Zn)

Excess amounts can lead to harmful symptoms

Question 15

Water

Answer 15

Essential for life

Makes up a large percentage of our bodies (~60%)

Medium for nutrient transport

Assists digestion and absorption

Temperature regulation

Base for body’s lubricants

Key role in chemical reactions

Should be combined with electrolytes in situations where physical activity persists beyond 60 minutes

Question 16

Fibre

Answer 16

By definition not a nutrient but important element in our diets

Plant substances that cannot be digested

Facilitate elimination

Soluble binds to cholesterol-containing compounds in the intestine and lowers cholesterol levels and slows down glucose absorption

Insoluble absorbs water from intestinal tract to prevent constipation and may play a role in intestinal cancer prevention