Anatomy 1 Flashcards
Anatomy
The study of the structures that make up the human body and how those structures relate to each other
Anatomical Position
- palms forward
- feet together facing forward
- face forward
Sagittal
goes right through the middle of the body (between boobs)
Transverse plane
horizontal in the middle of the body
Supine
lying on back
Prone
palms down (push ups)
Frontal Plane
side to side (jumping jacks
Dorsiflexion
lifting the foot up
Plantar flexion
foot flat on the ground
Abduction
move arm away from the body
adduction
arm goes to body
Inversion
when the sole of the foot turns inward
eversion
when the sole of the foot turns outward
Pronation
palm face down
Supination
when the palm is faced upward
Axial Skeleton
Brain, sternum, ribs, and vertebral columns
Appendicular Skeleton
Pectoral griddle, upper limb, pelvic girdle, lower limb
Short bones
ankle (tarsals) and wrist (carpals
Long bones
femur and humorous
Flat bones
brain, scapula, sternum, and ribs
Irregular bones
facial bones, vertebrae
Sesamoid bones
patella (knee cap)
Compact
Function: withstanding stress in areas subjected to high impact loads
long bones
Spongy/Cancellous Bone
Function: Shock absorption due to its ability to change shape
Honey cone shaped
vertebral
Calcium carbonate/calcium phosphate
-stiffness
-resistance to pressing and squeezing forces
60-70% bone
Collagen fibres
- flexibility
- resist pulling and stretching forces
- when lost bone becomes brittle
- as in aging
Wolffs Law
bone adapts to applied loads
joint definition
- connection between two or more bones
- strands of CT ensure stability and hold joint together
- classified by the degree of movement
Fibrous Joints
- no movement
- absorb shock
ex) skull suture
Cartilaginous joints
- limited movement, absorb shock
ex) intervertebral discs
Synovial Joints
- greatest degree of movement
- allows movement
ex) hip joint
Joint Capsule
- surrounds the joint and provides support
- Lined with synovial membrane that secretes synovial fluid
Hyaline Cartilage
-Dense white CT that covers and protects the ends of the articulating bones
Ligaments
-support the joint and connect the articulating bones of the joint
Uniaxial
movement about one axis
ex) pivot and hinge joint
Biaxial
- movement about two perpendicular axis
ex) Condyloid and saddle-shaped
Mutliaxial
- movement about all three perpendicular axis
ex) ball and socket, and plane joint
Pivot Joint
one bone rotates around one axis, uniaxial
ex)neck
Gliding
bone surfaces are flat, uniaxial
ex)acrominiaclavicular
Hinge
convex and concave articulating surfaces, uniaxial
ex) elbow
Saddle
bones set together as in sitting on a horse, biaxial
ex)thumb
Condyloid Joint
ovular convex shape and reciprocal concave surfaces, biaxial
ex)knuckles
Ball and Socket
A rounded bone into a cup, multiaxial
ex)Hip
