Injury Prevention

Question 1

Elasticity

Answer 1

capacity of a tissue
to return to its original shape
after removal of load

Question 2

Plastic Region (beginning)

Answer 2

Tissue no longer has elastic properties

Question 3

Plastic Region

Answer 3

permanent tissue deformation, results in micro-injury or injury

Question 4

Ultimate failure

Answer 4

Macro- or complete failure ex) torn ligament

-Tissue becomes unresponsive to loads

Question 5

Treatment

Answer 5

Received by patient from a health care professional
Promotes healing
Improves quality of injured tissue
Allows quicker return to activity

Question 6

Rehabilitation

Answer 6

Therapist’s restoration of injured tissue + patient’s participation
Individualized for each person

Question 7

Inflammatory response phase

Answer 7

2-4 weeks
-Inflammation begins at time of injury
Signs
Redness
Swelling
Pain
Increased temperature
Loss of function

Protect(PRICE to remember)
Rest
Cryotherapy(ice)
Decreases swelling, bleeding, pain, and spasms
Compression
Decreases swelling
Elevation
Decreases swelling

Question 8

Fibroelastic Repair phase

Answer 8

Repair and scar formation
Granulation tissue fills the gap
Collagen fibres are deposited by fibroblasts
Inflammatory response seen in phase 1 subsides

Question 9

Maturation-Remodelling

Answer 9

3weeks-years
-Remodeling or realigning of scar tissue

More aggressive stretching and strengthening
organizes the scar tissue along the lines of tensile stress

Include sport-specific skills and activities

Question 10

Contusions

Answer 10

Bruise
Compressing force crushes tissue
E.g., “charleyhorse” – quadriceps

Discoloration and swelling
Myositis ossificans – abnormal bone formation in a severe contusion
Life-threatening if the tissue involved is a vital organ

P-R-I-C-E treatment

Question 11

Strain

Answer 11

tendon or muscle tissue is stretched or torn

Question 12

Sprain

Answer 12

ligament of joint capsule is stretched or torn

Question 13

Grades of Sprains and Strains

Answer 13

Grade 1- slightly stretched or torn, few muscle fibers
Grade 2-moderately stretched or torn, more muscle fibers
Grade 3- complete rupture, surgery required, ex)ACL

Question 14

Hamstring Sprain

Answer 14

Most frequently strained muscles

Mechanism:
Rapid contraction in a lengthened position
E.g., sprinting and running

Due to strength imbalance
Hamstring strength < quadriceps strength

Emphasize hamstrings and quadriceps work equally

Question 15

Ankle Sprains

Answer 15

During running, walking, dancing or stepping off a curb
Most common = lateral ankle sprain
Inversion
Common reoccurrence
Decreased proprioception
Symptoms
Rapid swelling
Point tenderness
Rehabilitation
Decreases reoccurrence
Incorporation of balance exercises

Question 16

Dislocations

Answer 16

High enough forces push the joint beyond its normal anatomical limits

Joint surfaces come apart

Subluxation
When supporting structures (e.g., ligaments) are stretched or torn enough to allow boney surfaces to separate
A subluxation is a partial dislocation

Most common = fingers, followed by shoulder

Can become chronic

Question 17

Shoulder Dislocation

Answer 17

Most mobile  most unstable joint
Categories of dislocation:
Partial dislocation or subluxation
Complete dislocation
Most common
Head of humerus slips anteriorly
Falling backwards on extended arm

Symptoms
Swelling, numbness, pain, weakness, bruising
Capsule and/or rotator cuff tears
Brachial plexus injury

Require medical treatment to relocate head of humerus back to glenoid fossa

Question 18

Fractures

Answer 18

Simple fracture
Stays within the surrounding soft tissue

Compound fracture
Protrudes from the skin

Stress fracture
Results from repeated low magnitude loads
Avulsion fracture
Involves tendon or ligament pulling small chip of bone (more frequent in kids)

Question 19

Overuse Injuries

Answer 19

Due to
Non-sufficient recovery
Repeated and accumulated microtrauma
Most common are tendonitis, bursitis, shoulder impingement, and stress fractures

Results from
Poor technique
Poor equipment
Too much training
Type of training

Question 20

Tendonitis

Answer 20

Inflammation of tendon as a result of a small tear in the tendon
Symptons
pain, tenderness, stiffness near joint

Question 21

Tennis Elbow

Answer 21

Lateral epicondylitis
Affects forearm extensors
Attach to lateral epicondyle
Extend wrist and fingers
Contributing factors
Excessive forearm pronation and wrist extensor muscle use
Gripping racket too tightly
Improper grip
Excessive string tension
Excessive racket weight
Topspins
Hitting ball off-centre

Question 22

Golfers and little league elbow

Answer 22

Medial epicondylitis
Affects tendons of forearm flexors
Attach to medial epicondyle
Flex wrist and fingers
May result in collateral ligament and ulnar nerve injury
May affect medial humeral growth plate in young children (little league elbow)

Question 23

Jumpers knee

Answer 23

Patellar tendonitis
Affects infrapatellar ligament
Caused by:
Repetitive eccentric knee actions
Eccentric load during jump preparation >>> body weight