Injury Prevention Flashcards
Elasticity
capacity of a tissue
to return to its original shape
after removal of load
Plastic Region (beginning)
Tissue no longer has elastic properties
Plastic Region
permanent tissue deformation, results in micro-injury or injury
Ultimate failure
Macro- or complete failure ex) torn ligament
-Tissue becomes unresponsive to loads
Treatment
Received by patient from a health care professional
Promotes healing
Improves quality of injured tissue
Allows quicker return to activity
Rehabilitation
Therapist’s restoration of injured tissue + patient’s participation
Individualized for each person
Inflammatory response phase
2-4 weeks -Inflammation begins at time of injury Signs Redness Swelling Pain Increased temperature Loss of function
Protect(PRICE to remember) Rest Cryotherapy(ice) Decreases swelling, bleeding, pain, and spasms Compression Decreases swelling Elevation Decreases swelling
Fibroelastic Repair phase
Repair and scar formation
Granulation tissue fills the gap
Collagen fibres are deposited by fibroblasts
Inflammatory response seen in phase 1 subsides
Maturation-Remodelling
3weeks-years
-Remodeling or realigning of scar tissue
More aggressive stretching and strengthening
organizes the scar tissue along the lines of tensile stress
Include sport-specific skills and activities
Contusions
Bruise
Compressing force crushes tissue
E.g., “charleyhorse” – quadriceps
Discoloration and swelling
Myositis ossificans – abnormal bone formation in a severe contusion
Life-threatening if the tissue involved is a vital organ
P-R-I-C-E treatment
Strain
tendon or muscle tissue is stretched or torn
Sprain
ligament of joint capsule is stretched or torn
Grades of Sprains and Strains
Grade 1- slightly stretched or torn, few muscle fibers
Grade 2-moderately stretched or torn, more muscle fibers
Grade 3- complete rupture, surgery required, ex)ACL
Hamstring Sprain
Most frequently strained muscles
Mechanism:
Rapid contraction in a lengthened position
E.g., sprinting and running
Due to strength imbalance
Hamstring strength < quadriceps strength
Emphasize hamstrings and quadriceps work equally
Ankle Sprains
During running, walking, dancing or stepping off a curb Most common = lateral ankle sprain Inversion Common reoccurrence Decreased proprioception Symptoms Rapid swelling Point tenderness Rehabilitation Decreases reoccurrence Incorporation of balance exercises
Dislocations
High enough forces push the joint beyond its normal anatomical limits
Joint surfaces come apart
Subluxation
When supporting structures (e.g., ligaments) are stretched or torn enough to allow boney surfaces to separate
A subluxation is a partial dislocation
Most common = fingers, followed by shoulder
Can become chronic
Shoulder Dislocation
Most mobile most unstable joint Categories of dislocation: Partial dislocation or subluxation Complete dislocation Most common Head of humerus slips anteriorly Falling backwards on extended arm
Symptoms
Swelling, numbness, pain, weakness, bruising
Capsule and/or rotator cuff tears
Brachial plexus injury
Require medical treatment to relocate head of humerus back to glenoid fossa
Fractures
Simple fracture
Stays within the surrounding soft tissue
Compound fracture
Protrudes from the skin
Stress fracture
Results from repeated low magnitude loads
Avulsion fracture
Involves tendon or ligament pulling small chip of bone (more frequent in kids)
Overuse Injuries
Due to
Non-sufficient recovery
Repeated and accumulated microtrauma
Most common are tendonitis, bursitis, shoulder impingement, and stress fractures
Results from Poor technique Poor equipment Too much training Type of training
Tendonitis
Inflammation of tendon as a result of a small tear in the tendon
Symptons
pain, tenderness, stiffness near joint
Tennis Elbow
Lateral epicondylitis Affects forearm extensors Attach to lateral epicondyle Extend wrist and fingers Contributing factors Excessive forearm pronation and wrist extensor muscle use Gripping racket too tightly Improper grip Excessive string tension Excessive racket weight Topspins Hitting ball off-centre
Golfers and little league elbow
Medial epicondylitis
Affects tendons of forearm flexors
Attach to medial epicondyle
Flex wrist and fingers
May result in collateral ligament and ulnar nerve injury
May affect medial humeral growth plate in young children (little league elbow)
Jumpers knee
Patellar tendonitis Affects infrapatellar ligament Caused by: Repetitive eccentric knee actions Eccentric load during jump preparation >>> body weight
