Nutrition

Question 1

chemical makeup of carbs

Answer 1

C H O with a 2:1 ratio of H:O

Question 2

chemical makeup of protein

Answer 2

C H O N and some contain S

Question 3

tje sequence of amino acids determines its ______ and therefore its ______

Answer 3

shape, function

Question 4

sources and importance of sugars

Answer 4

fizzy drinks, marmalade, cakes

• quickly-available source of energy

Question 5

sources and importance of starch

Answer 5

bread pasta potatoes rice

good source of energy

Question 6

fats and oils

Answer 6

butter oils cheese egg yolk

• excellent source of energy (38kJ/g)
• stored in adipose tissue which insulates the body and cushions organs
• used to make cell membranes
• waterproofing

Question 7

proteins

Answer 7

meat, fish, egg white, cheese, beans

• growth and repair
• making enzymes
• antibodies which fight pathogens
• hormones such as insulin with regulate blood sugar
• haemoglobin
• collagen in skin, gums, blood vessels
• keratin in hair and nails

Question 8

iron

Answer 8

liver, beets, eggs, spinach

for making haemoglobin which is found in the red blood cells

deficency is anaemia

Question 9

calcium

Answer 9

milk cheese yogurt

for strong teeth and bones

rickets: soft deformed bones

Question 10

vitamin C

Answer 10

lemons orange lime

• helps absorb iron into the blood
• to make collagen for healthy skin and gums
• for a healthy immune system

scurvy/ bleeding gums, ulcers

Question 11

vitamin D

Answer 11

sunlight, fish oils, egg yolk, liver

help absorb calcium + phosphates into the blood

rickets

Question 12

fibre

Answer 12

whole grain bread, vegetables, lentils

to stimulate peristalsis

prevent constipation

Question 13

water

Answer 13

tea, coffee, vegetables, fruits

excellent solvent 
excellent medium for metabolic reactions
transport medium
cooling effect/ transpiration
turgor pressure

dehydration

Question 14

glucose is a
sucrose is a
starch is a

Answer 14

monosaccharide
disaccharide
polysaccharide

Question 15

what cell structures are rich in protein?

Answer 15

cell membrane

cytoplasm

Question 16

how are proteins and polysaccharides similar?

Answer 16

they are both made up of a long chain of smaller molecules

Question 17

fats are in_____

Answer 17

insoluble in water

Question 18

what are fats used for?

Answer 18

storing energy in the adipose tissue under the skin

insulation (blubber)

cell membranes

waterproofing