Nutrition Flashcards

1
Q

how many kcal/ounce is breast milk?

A

20 kcal/oz
1 oz= 30 mL

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2
Q

what are the parameters for a pediatric patient to be considered faltering (failure to thrive)?

A

falling by 2 major percentiles or weight <3-5% percentile

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3
Q

What supplements are recommended for all breastfed babies?

A

vitamin D3 (400 IU or 10 mcg)
premature neonates may require iron supplementation (2mg/kg/day)
may require zinc supplementation

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4
Q

How do you calculate fluid requirements in pediatric patients?

A

Holliday-Segar Method
100mL/kg for 1st 10 kg
1000 mL + 50 mL/kg for 10-20 kg
1500 mL + 20 mL/kg for >20 kg

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5
Q

What are the caloric requirements for pediatric patients?

A

preterm infant 100-120+ kcal/kg/day
<6 months = 85-105
6-12 months 80-100

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6
Q

What are the protein requirements for pediatric patients?

A

3-4g/day for low birth weight/preterm neonate
2-3g/day for infant

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7
Q

What are the caloric needs per day for an ICU/surgery patient?

A

25-30 kcal/kg/day

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8
Q

how many kcal is 1 g of protein?

A

4 kcal

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9
Q

how many mL of fluid is required for ICU/surgery patients?

A

30-40 mL/kg/day MIVF

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10
Q

What are the positive IONs that need to be balanced?

A

sodium
potassium

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11
Q

What are the negative IONs that need to be balanced?

A

Chloride
acetate
Phos

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12
Q

What are the additives in the TPN?

A

MVI - 10 mL
Multi-trace elements - 1 mL

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13
Q

What monitoring parameters are used in PN?

A

vitals, I/O’s, CMP, weight, CBC, Mg, Phos, Ca, Prealbumin/CRP
weekly- triglycerides, nitrogen balance, PT/INR, transferrin

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14
Q

What is the conversion factor for mMol and mEq of phos?

A

1 mMol phos= 1.4 mEq phos

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15
Q

how much phos do you need in PN?

A

0.3 mMol/kg

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16
Q

how much potassium do you need in PN?

A

0.5-1 mEq/kg

17
Q

how much calcium do you need in PN?

A

10 mEq/day (if Ca normal)

18
Q

how much magnesium do you need in PN?

A

8 mEq/day (if Mg normal)

19
Q

how much sodium do you need in PN?

A

aim for 1/2 NS (77 mEq/L) titrate to L amt

20
Q

What is the NBW equation?

A

IBW + 0.25(wt-IBW)

21
Q

What is the IBW equation?

A

(males) 50 kg + (2.3 x inches over 60”)
(females) 45.5 kg + (2.3 x inches over 60”)

22
Q

What is the TEE equation?

A

TEE= REE x 1.2

23
Q

What is the RQ goal?

A

0.85-0.95
1-1.2 = overfeeding
0.67-0.82 = underfeeding

24
Q

What is the normal prealbumin range? and how does CRP affect it?

A

15-40 mg/dL
if CRP high and prealbumin is decreased then its due to inflammation
if CRP normal AND prealbumin is decreased then its due to malnutrition

25
How do you prevent refeeding syndrome?
limit carbs to 100-150 gm limit fluids to 800 mL/day
26
what are the clinical findings if refeeding syndrome is suspected?
Hypophosphatemia, hypomagnesemia, hypokalemia
27
What is the nitrogen balance equation?
N(in)= 24 hr protein intake / 6.25 N(out)= 24 hours UUN = factor (4g) Nitrogen balance = N(in) - (N)out
28
What is the 70/30 rule?
70% of non protein calories need to be carbohydrates 30% of non protein calories need to be lipids