Acid and Base disorders

Question 1

What is the normal blood gas value of PCO2

Answer 1

40 mmHg

Question 2

What is the normal blood gas value of HCO3 (bicarb)

Answer 2

24 mEq/L

Question 3

Where is the majority of bicarb reabsorbed in the body?

Answer 3

proximal tubule

Question 4

Where is the majority of H+ excretion taking place in the body?

Answer 4

distal tubule
-also where bicarb is generated

Question 5

What is the interpretation for metabolic acidosis?

Answer 5

PCO2 should decrease by 1.25 times the fall in plasma HCO3

Question 6

What is the primary change and compensation mechanism for metabolic acidosis

Answer 6

decreased HCO3, decreased PCO2

Question 7

What is the primary change and compensation mechanism for metabolic alkalosis

Answer 7

increased HCO3, increased PCO2

Question 8

What is the primary change and compensation mechanism for respiratory acidosis

Answer 8

increased PCO2, increased HCO3

Question 9

What is the primary change and compensation mechanism for respiratory alkalosis

Answer 9

decreased PCO2, decreased HCO3

Question 10

What is the anion gap equation?

Answer 10

Na - (Cl + HCO3)
-normal range ~10

Question 11

What acid base imbalance is caused in salicylate toxicity?

Answer 11

respiratory alkalosis and metabolic acidosis

Question 12

How do you dose bicarbonate?

Answer 12

dose (mEq) = (0.5 L/kg x IBW) X (12 mEq/L -actual HCO3)
-give 1/3 to 1/2 the calculated dose

Question 13

what are the main culprits in saline responsive alkalosis?

Answer 13

diuretic therapy, vomiting & NG suction