Nutrition Flashcards
nutrition goals for nurses
provide balanced nutrition plan the patient will agree and adhere to
nutritional assessment
wt, ht, BMI, skin folds, full nutrition assesment
weigthts
at consistent times in light clothing, ask about recent gain or loss
plasma protein tests for
protein or iron deficiencies along with hemoglobin, hematocrit, albumin
height
have pt stand up straight using a measuring stick
protein metabolism test is
24 hr urine test (BUN) where elevated levels show excess breakdown of body tissue
immune system integrity tests
determine lymphocyte count
skeletal system integrity
status of bone integrity, osteoperosis indication, vit D/calc deficiencies and bone breakdown
GI function tests use
radiographs to detect peptic ulcer disease, assess absorption and BMR
dietary history includes
usual intake, current intake, restrictions, modifications, allergies, vitamins, activity
alopicia/hair loss can be a deficiency of
zinc or protein
nosebleeds is a deficiency of
vitamin K
eye dryness is a deficiency of
vitamin A
dry scaly skin is a deficiency of
vitamin C
subcutanous fat loss, edema, muscle wasting is a deficiency of
protein
leukopenia is a deficiency of
copper
cardiac dysrhythmias is a defiency of
magnesium
anemia is a deficiency of
B12
nutrition diagnosis
involved identifying nutrition problem
nutrition intervention
food and nutrient delivery, education, counseling
psychosocial assessment includes
economic status, occupation, education, living arrangements, mental status
it is important to focus on nutrition for
pregnant women, infants and elderly as their needs increase
optimal nutrition
a varied diet with balanced amounts of food groups
nutrition reflects
the balance between nutrient requirements and intake
undernutrition
less than desired amounts of nutrients that limits immune system and mental capacity
underweight BMI
under 18.5
normal BMI
18.5-24.9
overweight BMI
25-29.9
obese BMI
over 30
malnutrition
deficiencies, excesses, or imbalances in intake of nutrients that includes undernutrition and obesity
marasus (protein energy undernutrition)
calorie malnutrition where body fat and protein are wasted
marasmus and type 1 diabetes
if body cant burn glucose, it will burn protein and fats creating little energy and waste
kwashiorkor (protein energy undernutrition)
lack of protein quantity in presence of adequate calories
starvation (protein energy undernutrition)
complete lack of nutrients (severe)
undertreated PEU can lead to
disability and death
physical risk factors for undernutrition in older adults
illness, constipation, decreased appetite, dentition, drugs, dry mouth, pain, eyesight
failure to thrive is where 3 or more of these symptoms must be present
weakness, slow walking speed, low exercise, unintentional weight loss, exhaustion
psychosocial risk factors for undernutrition
functional decline, decrease enjoyment of meals, depression, income, loneliness, transport
complications of undernutrition
wt loss, impaired protein synthesis, decreased muscle mass and CO, lethargy, poor wound healing, cold intolerance, cachexia
lab assessments for nutrition
hemoglobin, hematocrit, transferrin, albumin, thyroxine pre albumin, cholesterol, WBC
improving nutrition inlcudes
supplements, treating pain, meal management, mouth care, feed themselves, vitamins, TEN
Total enteral nutrition
used GI tract through oral or tube feedings and is the easiest method
total parenteral nutrition
does not use GI tract, use IV route through central line (PICC)
peripheral parenteral nutrition
IV route through peripheral vein but is not total nutrition
indications for total enteral nutrition: pt who
can eat but cant maintain good nutrition, permanent neuromuscular impairment and cant swallow, no impairment but critcially ill and cannot eat
nasogastric tube (nasoenteric)
goes in through nose and ends in stomach
nasoduodenal tube (nasoenteric tube)
instead of ending in stomach it bypass and ends in duodenum
PEG tube (enterostomal feeding)
surgically created hole with tube placed directly in stomach
dual access gastronomy jejunostomy (enterostomal feeding)
surgically created hole with tube placed directly in jejunum
bolus feeding
feeding poured into bag and hung on IV pole (given all at once)
continuous feeding
pump that runs for 24 hrs
cyclic feeding
using pump for 12 hrs day or night
checking residuals
seeing how good digestion is with continuous feeding
how to check residuals
stop feeding and pull back content with syringe noting amount, color, consistency
signs of poor digestion
bloating, N/V, aspiration
flushing nasoenteric tubes
after feedings and before, in btw, and after medications given
complications of TEN
clogging, misplacement, abdominal distention/vomit if not absorbing, fluid electrolye imbalances w diarrhea/edema
fluid and electrolyte imbalance with TEN will cause
high potassium and glucose, low sodium
refeeding syndrome
sudden initiation of feeding in a malnourished person causing sudden shift in electrolytes with drops in phosphorus
refeeding syndrome can cause
HF, fluid overload, death
complications of parenteral nutrition
fluid imbalances from influx of water into ECF, electrolyte imbalances from nutrients, infection at IV
