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Med Surg > Nutrition > Flashcards

Nutrition Flashcards

1
Q

nutrition goals for nurses

A

provide balanced nutrition plan the patient will agree and adhere to

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2
Q

nutritional assessment

A

wt, ht, BMI, skin folds, full nutrition assesment

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3
Q

weigthts

A

at consistent times in light clothing, ask about recent gain or loss

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4
Q

plasma protein tests for

A

protein or iron deficiencies along with hemoglobin, hematocrit, albumin

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4
Q

height

A

have pt stand up straight using a measuring stick

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5
Q

protein metabolism test is

A

24 hr urine test (BUN) where elevated levels show excess breakdown of body tissue

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6
Q

immune system integrity tests

A

determine lymphocyte count

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7
Q

skeletal system integrity

A

status of bone integrity, osteoperosis indication, vit D/calc deficiencies and bone breakdown

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8
Q

GI function tests use

A

radiographs to detect peptic ulcer disease, assess absorption and BMR

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9
Q

dietary history includes

A

usual intake, current intake, restrictions, modifications, allergies, vitamins, activity

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10
Q

alopicia/hair loss can be a deficiency of

A

zinc or protein

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11
Q

nosebleeds is a deficiency of

A

vitamin K

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12
Q

eye dryness is a deficiency of

A

vitamin A

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13
Q

dry scaly skin is a deficiency of

A

vitamin C

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14
Q

subcutanous fat loss, edema, muscle wasting is a deficiency of

A

protein

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15
Q

leukopenia is a deficiency of

A

copper

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16
Q

cardiac dysrhythmias is a defiency of

A

magnesium

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17
Q

anemia is a deficiency of

A

B12

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18
Q

nutrition diagnosis

A

involved identifying nutrition problem

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19
Q

nutrition intervention

A

food and nutrient delivery, education, counseling

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20
Q

psychosocial assessment includes

A

economic status, occupation, education, living arrangements, mental status

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21
Q

it is important to focus on nutrition for

A

pregnant women, infants and elderly as their needs increase

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21
Q

optimal nutrition

A

a varied diet with balanced amounts of food groups

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21
Q

nutrition reflects

A

the balance between nutrient requirements and intake

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22
Q

undernutrition

A

less than desired amounts of nutrients that limits immune system and mental capacity

22
Q

underweight BMI

A

under 18.5

23
Q

normal BMI

A

18.5-24.9

24
Q

overweight BMI

A

25-29.9

25
Q

obese BMI

A

over 30

26
Q

malnutrition

A

deficiencies, excesses, or imbalances in intake of nutrients that includes undernutrition and obesity

27
Q

marasus (protein energy undernutrition)

A

calorie malnutrition where body fat and protein are wasted

28
Q

marasmus and type 1 diabetes

A

if body cant burn glucose, it will burn protein and fats creating little energy and waste

29
Q

kwashiorkor (protein energy undernutrition)

A

lack of protein quantity in presence of adequate calories

30
Q

starvation (protein energy undernutrition)

A

complete lack of nutrients (severe)

31
Q

undertreated PEU can lead to

A

disability and death

32
Q

physical risk factors for undernutrition in older adults

A

illness, constipation, decreased appetite, dentition, drugs, dry mouth, pain, eyesight

33
Q

failure to thrive is where 3 or more of these symptoms must be present

A

weakness, slow walking speed, low exercise, unintentional weight loss, exhaustion

34
Q

psychosocial risk factors for undernutrition

A

functional decline, decrease enjoyment of meals, depression, income, loneliness, transport

35
Q

complications of undernutrition

A

wt loss, impaired protein synthesis, decreased muscle mass and CO, lethargy, poor wound healing, cold intolerance, cachexia

36
Q

lab assessments for nutrition

A

hemoglobin, hematocrit, transferrin, albumin, thyroxine pre albumin, cholesterol, WBC

37
Q

improving nutrition inlcudes

A

supplements, treating pain, meal management, mouth care, feed themselves, vitamins, TEN

38
Q

Total enteral nutrition

A

used GI tract through oral or tube feedings and is the easiest method

39
Q

total parenteral nutrition

A

does not use GI tract, use IV route through central line (PICC)

40
Q

peripheral parenteral nutrition

A

IV route through peripheral vein but is not total nutrition

41
Q

indications for total enteral nutrition: pt who

A

can eat but cant maintain good nutrition, permanent neuromuscular impairment and cant swallow, no impairment but critcially ill and cannot eat

42
Q

nasogastric tube (nasoenteric)

A

goes in through nose and ends in stomach

43
Q

nasoduodenal tube (nasoenteric tube)

A

instead of ending in stomach it bypass and ends in duodenum

44
Q

PEG tube (enterostomal feeding)

A

surgically created hole with tube placed directly in stomach

45
Q

dual access gastronomy jejunostomy (enterostomal feeding)

A

surgically created hole with tube placed directly in jejunum

46
Q

bolus feeding

A

feeding poured into bag and hung on IV pole (given all at once)

47
Q

continuous feeding

A

pump that runs for 24 hrs

48
Q

cyclic feeding

A

using pump for 12 hrs day or night

49
Q

checking residuals

A

seeing how good digestion is with continuous feeding

50
Q

how to check residuals

A

stop feeding and pull back content with syringe noting amount, color, consistency

50
Q

signs of poor digestion

A

bloating, N/V, aspiration

51
Q

flushing nasoenteric tubes

A

after feedings and before, in btw, and after medications given

52
Q

complications of TEN

A

clogging, misplacement, abdominal distention/vomit if not absorbing, fluid electrolye imbalances w diarrhea/edema

53
Q

fluid and electrolyte imbalance with TEN will cause

A

high potassium and glucose, low sodium

54
Q

refeeding syndrome

A

sudden initiation of feeding in a malnourished person causing sudden shift in electrolytes with drops in phosphorus

55
Q

refeeding syndrome can cause

A

HF, fluid overload, death

56
Q

complications of parenteral nutrition

A

fluid imbalances from influx of water into ECF, electrolyte imbalances from nutrients, infection at IV

Med Surg (12 decks)

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