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Med Surg > Eyes/Ears > Flashcards

Eyes/Ears Flashcards

1
Q

aging eye

A

decreased acuity/ability to dilate/elasticity, blurry, cataracts

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2
Q

structural changes of the eye

A

decreased muscle tone

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3
Q

hyperopia

A

farsightedness

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3
Q

arcus senilis(structural change)

A

blue white rim around cornea from fat deposits

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3
Q

ectropion and dry eye (structural change)

A

drooping lower lid turning outward exposing more of the eye causing dry eye

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4
Q

near point of vision (functional change)

A

increases the ability to see close up

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4
Q

far point of vision (functional change)

A

decreases the ability to see far away

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4
Q

presbyopia

A

lens loses elasticity causing problems with nearsightedness

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5
Q

myopia

A

nearsightedness

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6
Q

astigmatism

A

curve of cornea is uneven causing blurred vision

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7
Q

refractive surgery

A

reshape corneal layer that takes up to 4 wks for best vision

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7
Q

non surgical corrections for refractive errors

A

corrective glasses or contacts

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8
Q

interventions for reduced vision

A

communication, safety, assisted ambulation, self care, support adapting

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8
Q

intraocular lens implantation

A

remove old lens and replace with new one (mostly for cataracts)

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9
Q

gerontologic considerations for visual impairment

A

low ability to function, confusion, poor compliance w meds

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10
Q

conjunctivitis

A

reddened eye that is very contagious

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11
Q

causes of conjunctivitis

A

bacterial, allergic or chlamydial infections, COVID

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12
Q

patho of cataracts

A

lens opacity that distorts image that may progress differently in each eye

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13
Q

teaching for conjunctivitis

A

wash hands, dont rub eye

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14
Q

as cataract matures

A

opacity makes it difficulty to see retina

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14
Q

cataract

A

clouding/blurring of lens distort image and color projected on retina

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15
Q

effects of cataracts

A

restricted acuity, lens density increases, blurred vision, decreases red reflex

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16
Q

genetic risk of cataracts

A

present at birth or developed by 75 and can occur w other diseases

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17
Q

preoperative care for cataracts

A

med list (those that cause bleeding), eye drops, informed consent, opthalmic drugs

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17
Q

prevention of cataracts

A

no heavy sun/UV, wear sunglasses and head protection, no smoking

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17
Q

cause of cataracts

A

age related or trauma/exposure

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17
Q

primary problem for patients with cataracts

A

impaired visual sensory perception

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18
Q

hx of cataract assessment

A

hx of trauma, exposure, drugs, intraocular disease, hx of cataract, smoking

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19
Q

signs of complications of cataract surgery

A

sharp eye pain, bleeding, swelling, decreased vision, flashes of light, floating shapes

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19
Q

cataract surgery

A

removal of lens from high frequency waves breaking up and removing lens and clear plastic one inserted

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20
Q

management of cataract surgery

A

light eye patch, no water, eye drops, s/s to report

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21
Q

health teaching of cataract surgery

A

no lifting, no aspirin

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22
Q

outcome of cataract surgery

A

improved visual sensory perception in 4-6wks

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23
Q

retinal holes, tears, detachments

A

separation of retina from epithelium

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24
Q

s/s of retinal holes, tears, detachments

A

sudden painless onset, bright flashes of light or floating dark spots

25
Q

interventions of retinal holes, tears, detachments

A

laser photocoagulation, surgery, no reading or heavy lifting

26
Q

macular degeneration

A

eye disease blurring central vision from damage to macula

27
Q

dry macular degeneration

A

slow/gradual blockage of retinal capillaries and cells become ischemic and die

28
Q

s/s of dry macular degeneration

A

central vision declines, blurring, visual distortion, night vision impaired

29
Q

risk factors of dry macular degeneration

A

increased cholesterol, high BP, diabetes

30
Q

wet macular degeneration

A

sudden decrease in vision with no cure but laser therapy slows it

31
Q

patho of glaucoma

A

increased ocular pressure by creating too much or not draining enough fluid

32
Q

open angle glaucoma

A

most common that effects both eyes

33
Q

angle closure glaucoma

A

emergency displacement of iris pressing against cornea and prevent production of aqueous humor

34
Q

genetic risk of glaucoma

A

black people over 40, hx of glaucoma, high BP, corneal thinness, optic nerve abnl

35
Q

s/s of glaucoma

A

headache/brow pain, N/V, colored halos around lights, blurred vision w decreased light perception

36
Q

primary problems for glaucoma pt

A

impaired visual sensory perception, decreased visual acuity

37
Q

nonsurgical management for glaucoma

A

drugs, vision rehab

38
Q

surgical management of glaucoma

A

LPI, tube shunt

39
Q

drug therapy for glaucoma

A

reduce production or increase absorption of aqueous humor

40
Q

prostaglandin agonist (glaucoma)

A

dilate blood vessels to increase absorption of fluid

41
Q

adrenergic agonists (glaucoma)

A

dilate pupils and limit fluid production

42
Q

beta adrenergic blocker:timolol maleate (glaucoma)

A

dilate pupils and limit fluid production

43
Q

carbonic anhydrase inhibitor (glaucoma)

A

limit production of fluid

44
Q

cholinergic agonists: pilocarpine (glaucoma)

A

limit production of fluid and improve outflow

45
Q

management of glaucoma

A

eyedrops daily, handwashing, s/s of choroidal detachment/hemorrhage

46
Q

ear changes associated with aging

A

drier cerumen, low tympanic membrane elasticity and bony ossicle movement, poor acuity, disturbed vestibular function

47
Q

conductive hearing loss

A

from any physical obstruction of sound wave transmission

48
Q

sensorineural hearing loss

A

from defect in cochlea, 8th cranial nerve or brain due to ototoxic meds

49
Q

mixed hearing loss

A

profound hearing loss containing conductive and sensorineural

50
Q

test

A

voice, watch, audioscopy, weber tuning fork

51
Q

medical interventions of hearing issues

A

early detection, safety, diet, meds

52
Q

surgical interventions for hearing issues

A

hearing aids, implants

53
Q

communication interventions for hearing issues

A

lip read, sign language, speech therapy

54
Q

acute otitis media

A

infection in middle ear causing inflammation/swelling of ossicles with purulent drainage

55
Q

acute otitis media is more common

A

in kids from canal being horizontal

56
Q

chronic otitis media

A

repeated acute episodes with long duration

57
Q

serous otitis media

A

fluid accumulating in middle ear from illness (fever, upper resp infection)

58
Q

s/s of otitis media

A

tinnitus, headache, malaise, fever, N/V, dizzy

59
Q

prolonged otitis media can cause

A

eardrum to be perforated

60
Q

nonsurgical management of otitis media

A

quiet environment, limit head movement, heat/cold, antihistamines/decongestants, ear drips

61
Q

myringotomy for otitis media

A

surgical opening of pars tensa of eardrum placing tube inside as eardrum grows around it and pushes it out

62
Q

post op care for otitis media

A

ear/canal free of substances, keep head dry

63
Q

cerumen

A

more common cause of impacted ear canal

64
Q

impacted ear canal s/s

A

fullness of ear, pain, itchy, dizzy, bleeding

65
Q

mastoiditis

A

infection of mastoid air cells from progressive otitis media

66
Q

s/s of mastoiditis

A

swelling behind ear, pain, immobile/red eardrum, fever, drainage

67
Q

treatment of mastoiditis

A

antibiotics, surgical removal of infected tissue

68
Q

tinnitus

A

continuous ringing or noise perception

69
Q

causes of tinnitus

A

brain substituting a sound the brain is not getting the input it needs to interpret it

70
Q

tinnitus therapy

A

focus on masking tinnitus with background sound and noise makers during sleeping

71
Q

vertigo and dizziness

A

more common s/s of ear disorders

72
Q

teaching for vertigo

A

restrict head motions, hydrate, antivertiginous drugs

73
Q

meniere disease

A

episodic vertigo, tinnitus, hearing loss that lasts several days

74
Q

health teaching for meniere disease

A

diet adjustment, move head slowly, ni smoking

75
Q

treatment of meniere disease

A

vestibular rehab, drug therapy, surgery

76
Q

drug therapy for meniere disease

A

diuretics, gentamycin, promethazine, meclizine

Med Surg (12 decks)

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