Fluid Electrolyte Definitions

Question 1

filtration

Answer 1

movement of water through a cell/blood vessel due to hydrostatic pressure

Question 2

diffusion

Answer 2

movement of particles from an area of high concentration to low concentration to form equilibrium

Question 3

hydrostatic pressure

Answer 3

force pushes water out from confined space through membrane

Question 4

sodium pump

Answer 4

sodium is pumped out because the cell wants more potassium

Question 5

osmosis

Answer 5

movement of water through semipermiable membrane to have equilibrium

Question 6

osmolality

Answer 6

number of particles in a kg of solution

Question 7

osmolarity

Answer 7

number of particles in a liter of solution

Question 8

osmosis and filtration

Answer 8

maintain normal ECF/ICF vol

Question 9

isotonic solution

Answer 9

same # of particles in blood and fluid

Question 10

hypertonic solution

Answer 10

water moves out of cells and they shrivel

Question 11

hypotonic solution

Answer 11

water moves into cells and they expand

Question 12

fluid intake

Answer 12

need 1000ml per 1000kcals

Question 13

fluid loss

Answer 13

minimum UO needed to excrete toxic waste is 400-600ml

Question 14

aldosterone

Answer 14

prevents water and sodium loss generated by adrenals when sodium is low

Question 15

ADH

Answer 15

water reabsorbed into kidneys and returned to blood (lowers UO)

Question 16

natiuretic peptide

Answer 16

prevents reabsorption of sodium and increases UO and decreases osmolarity

Question 17

sodium purpose

Answer 17

skeletal muscle/cardiac contraction, nerve impulse transmission

Question 18

potassium purpose

Answer 18

depolarize/generate action potential, regulate protein synthesis, glucose storage

Question 19

calcium purpose

Answer 19

stored in bones and is increased by PTH

Question 20

magnesium purpose

Answer 20

help with skeletal muscle contraction, carb metabolism, blood coag and cell growth

Question 21

buffers for acid base control

Answer 21

1st line of defense against changes in free H levels (phopshate, albumin, globulins)

Question 22

respiratory mechanisms for acid base balance

Answer 22

hyper and hypoventilation to get rid of or retain CO2 to alter pH