Infusion Therapy Flashcards
isotonic osmolarity
270-300
hypertonic serum osmolarity
over 300
hypotonic osmolarity
under 270
isotonic infusate
water does not move in or out of cells
isotonic infusate causes risk for
fluid overload
hypertonic infusate
move water out of cell into bloodstream
use of hypertonic infusate
correct fluid, electrolyte, acid base imbalances
hypotonic infusate
move water into cells and expand them
if osmolarity is above 600 it is best infused
in central circulation for hemodilution
TPN osmolarity
over 1400
TPN infusate
never infused in periphery due to damage of blood cells and linings
isotonic solutions
.9% saline, D5W, lactated ringers
hypotonic solutions
.45% saline, D5LR
hypertonic solutions
D10W, D5/.9%NS, D5/.45%NS
blood transfusions include
packed RBCs, platelets, plasma, albumin, clotting factors
fluid prescription requirements
type, rate of admin, dilution, compatibility,
drug prescription requirements
name, dose, route, frequency, timing, length of infusion, purpose
VAD (short peripheral catheters): location/placement
superficial veins of hand/arm in central circulation in junction w right atrium
complaints of VAD (short peripheral catheters)
tingling, pins and needles, numbness due to nerve puncture
VAD (short peripheral catheters) dwell time
only take out for clinical indications
veins cannot be used in pt with
mastectomy, lymph node dissection, lymphedema, paralysis of upper extremities, dialysis
midline catheter
3-8 inch double or single lumen
midline catheter location
vein in upper arm
midline catheter use
hydration and drug therapy for 6-14 days
midline catheter DO NOT USE FOR
vesicant drugs, parenteral nutrition w low dextrose, solutions about 600, blood drawing
PICC
18-29 inch single, double, triple lumens
PICC use
long term TPN, vasopressors, antibiotics, blood drawing
power PICC
used for contrast injections and attach to transducers for CVP monitor
PICC teaching
no physical activity/heavy lifting
PICC complications
infection, phlebitis, thrombophlebitis, CRBSI
nontunneled percutaneous central venous catheter location
subclavian vein or jug vein residing the SVC, may need femoral due to high infection
tunneled central venous catheter location
subcutaneous tunnel with antibiotic cuff to reduce infection
tunneled central venous catheter use
long term frequent infusion therapy
implanted ports location
subcutaneous pocket in upper chest or extremity
port teaching
flushed after each use and at least once a month
implanted port use
chemo long term therapy
hemodialysis catheter
only for hemodialysis or pheresis
complications of hemodialysis catheter
CRBSi, vein thrombosis
change parenteral tubing every
24 hrs
change lipid tubing every
12 hrs
change blood tubing every
4 hrs
infiltration
leak of IV solution into tissues
extravasation
escape of fluids/drugs into subcut tissue
phlebitis
inflammation of a vein
speed shock
fluid going in too fast causing chest tightness and irregular pulses
allergic reactions to IV therapy
itchy, red, blotchy, throat tightness
