Fluid and Electrolyte Imbalances

Question 1

dehydration

Answer 1

fluid intake less than needed causing fluid volume deficit

Question 2

signs of dehydration

Answer 2

low UO, altered mental status, poor turgor, weak HR, sunken eyes, dry mucus membranes

Question 3

things to monitor for dehydration

Answer 3

measure I/O, bowel movements, BUN, creatinine

Question 3

causes of dehydration

Answer 3

inadequate fluid intake, burns, wound drainage, low sodium diet, diuretics, vomit/diarrhea, AVP-D

Question 4

dehydration lab assessment

Answer 4

elevated hemoglobin/hematocrit/serum osmolarity/glucose/albumin/BUN/electrolytes/creatinine, hemoconcentration

Question 5

fluid overload

Answer 5

fluid intake or retention leading to fluid volume excess

Question 5

primary problems for dehydration

Answer 5

poor perfusion from excess fluid loss/poor intake and injury from weakness

Question 6

medication treatment for dehydration

Answer 6

antidiarrheals, antimicrobial, antiemetic, antipyretics, desmopressin

Question 7

signs of fluid overload

Answer 7

edema, high BP, increased wt, SOB, crackles, jug vein distention, headache, high UO, bounding pulse

Question 8

cause of fluid overload

Answer 8

severe overload, hypervolemia, excess body fluid

Question 9

hyponatremia values

Answer 9

sodium under 136 mEq/L

Question 10

causes of hyponatremia

Answer 10

increase sodium loss OR excess water

Question 11

signs of hyponatremia

Answer 11

seizures, confusion, coma, increased intracranial pressure, tachycardia, hypotension, poor turgor, diarrhea

Question 12

treatment for hyponatremia

Answer 12

sodium replacement, increase salt intake, manitol

Question 13

hyponatremia monitoring

Answer 13

I/O, urine specific gravity, heart and resp, wt, neuro status

Question 13

hypernatremia value

Answer 13

sodium above 145 mEq/L

Question 14

causes of hypernatremia

Answer 14

dehydration, excess sodium intake, regulatory abnls

Question 15

signs of hypernatremia

Answer 15

short attention span, agitated, confusion, coma, seizures, hypovolemia, PE, low O2 sat

Question 16

treatment for hypernatremia

Answer 16

lasix, sodium free IV, low sodium diet, fluids

Question 17

hypokalemia value

Answer 17

potassium below 3.5 mEq/L

Question 18

hypernatremia monitor

Answer 18

VS, I/O, wts, edema

Question 19

causes of hypokalemia

Answer 19

diuretics, diarrhea, metabolic/resp alkalosis

Question 20

signs of hypokalemia

Answer 20

dysrhythmias, rapid thready pulse, weakness

Question 20

treatment for hypokalemia

Answer 20

fruits and veggies, IV no faster than 10 mEq/hr

Question 21

monitor for hypokalemia

Answer 21

safety, diet, diuretic potassium sparing

Question 22

hyperkalemia values

Answer 22

potassium higher than 5.0 mEq/L

Question 23

hyperkalemia cause

Answer 23

potassium sparing diuretics, salt substitutes, infusing potassium, kidney failure

Question 24

signs of hyperkalemia

Answer 24

bradycardia leading to VFIB, hypotension, muscle twitching, weakness, diarrhea

Question 25

hyperkalemia treatment

Answer 25

sodium polystyrene, D50 w 10 units reg insulin

Question 26

hyperkalemia monitoring

Answer 26

diet, avoid salt substitutes, increased fluid intake