Nutrition

Question 1

Carbs

Answer 1

Encourage fruits, legumes, grains, milk

Limit simple carbs

Question 2

Fats

Answer 2

low in saturated and trans fat

fish, nuts

Question 3

Fiber

Answer 3

beans, veggies, oats, whole grains

Question 4

Protein

Answer 4

meats, eggs, fish, nuts, beans

Question 5

Alcohol

Answer 5

limit intake

Women: 1/day
Men: 2/day

Question 6

When should you not exercise?

Answer 6

If blood sugar is <80 or >250

Question 7

Malnourished Complications

Answer 7

Dysrhythmias
Skin breakdown
Sepsis
Hemorrhage
Increased length of stay
Delayed surgical healing

Question 8

What factors influence nutrition

Answer 8

Appetite
Negative experiences
Disease/illness
Meds
Income, transportation, availability, education level
Developmental needs
Culture, religion, health beliefs
Food preferences

Question 9

Do older adults adjust their need for vitamins and minerals compared to younger adults?

Answer 9

No, they are the same amount needed.

Question 10

BMI formula

Answer 10

weight (lb) / height (in) ^2 x 703

weight (kg) / height (m) ^2

Question 11

Hemoglobin

Answer 11

protein responsible for transporting oxygen in the blood

Normal: Men- 14-18
Women 12-16

Question 12

Types of diets

Answer 12

Regular
Liquid
Modified Texture

Question 13

Regular diet

Answer 13

no restrictions
no signs of intolerances
regular consistency

Question 14

Modified Texture Diet

Answer 14

Mechanical soft
Puréed
Minced
Ground
Chopped

Question 15

Clear Liquid Diet

Answer 15

Water
Black coffee
Gelatin
Popsicles
Broth
*can see through

Question 16

Full liquid diet

Answer 16

All liquids on clear diet +
Juices
Milk
Sorbet
Yogurt
Pudding
Icecream

Question 17

Nectar like liquid

Answer 17

thinnest liquid

Question 18

Spoon thick liquid

Answer 18

thickest liquid

Question 19

Honey like liquid

Answer 19

medium thickness liquid

Question 20

Therapeutic Diet Orders

Answer 20

Cardiac/heart healthy
low residue
high fiber
gluten free
lactose free
bland

Question 21

What counts as intake

Answer 21

oral intake
IV fluids
Blood products
tube feedings
flushes

Question 22

What counts as output

Answer 22

urine
bowel movements
emesis (vomit)
drainage tubes

Question 23

Can I & O be delegated?

Answer 23

Yes

Question 24

What position should dysphagia pts be in?

Answer 24

High fowlers

Question 25

Parenteral Nutrition

Answer 25

Feeding by IV bypassing the usual process of eating and digestion. IV TPN

Question 26

Enteral Nutrition

Answer 26

Feeding by liquid supplementation given by mouth or feeding tube. Nasogastric Nasoduodenal Nasojejunal

Question 27

What is the preferred method of alternative nutrition if patient cannot swallow but gut function is intact?

Answer 27

Enteral

Question 28

When should you increase the rate of tube feeding?

Answer 28

Every 8-12 hours per HCP order If no signs of intolerance until reached goal rate

Question 29

What is the best way to confirm placement of feeding tubes?

Answer 29

X-ray

Question 30

Nasogastric/Nasojejunal

Answer 30

short term use less than 4 weeks

Question 31

Surgical or endoscopical placed tubes

Answer 31

preferred for long term more than 6 weeks

Question 32

When to check gastric residual for continuous feeding tube?

Answer 32

Every 4-6 hours

Question 33

When to check gastric residual for intermittent feeding tube?

Answer 33

immediately before

Question 34

What to do if gastric residual is >250mL

Answer 34

hold for 1 hour and recheck

Question 35

What to do if gastric residual is >500mL

Answer 35

hold and contact HCP

Question 36

How many meds can you administer at a time through feeding tubes?

Answer 36

only one, individually

Question 37

When should you flush a feeding tube when administering meds

Answer 37

before and after

Question 38

Affects of nutrition in older adults

Answer 38

Cognitive Impairments Culture Income Dentition Transportation Physical ability to meet daily activities Reduced saliva production Atrophy of mucosal cells decreased gag reflex decreased peristalsis chronic illnesses

Question 39

Dysphagia

Answer 39

difficulty swallowing

Question 40

Warning signs of dysphagia

Answer 40

coughing after eating change in voice tone after swallowing abnormal gag oral pocketing drooling

Question 41

Low residue foods

Answer 41

easily digestible canned cooked fruits and veggies, desserts without nuts or coconut, casseroles, moist tender meats

Question 42

Gluten Free Diet

Answer 42

free from wheat, barley, rye, and oats

Question 43

To start tube feeding, start the formula at ____

Answer 43

full strength and slowly