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NUR 333 Funds II > Bowel Elimination > Flashcards

Bowel Elimination Flashcards

1
Q

Factors that influence bowel elimination

A

age
diet
fluid intake
physical activity
pain
pregnancy
psych
personal habits
position during defecation
Dx tests
meds
surgery

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2
Q

OA care

A

trouble chewing
slow esophageal emptying
impaired absorption
weakened sphincters

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3
Q

What GI functions decrease in OA?

A

hydrochloride acid
peristalsis
absorption of vitamins
sensation to defecate
lipase to aid in fat digestion

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4
Q

Constipation

A

symptom not disease

less than 3 BM in a week

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5
Q

Constipation SX

A

infrequent BM
discomfort
hard/dry stool

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6
Q

Causes of constipation

A

irregular bowel habits
improper diet (too much dairy)
dehydration
lack of exercise
stress
meds
older age
ignoring urge
GI disorders

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7
Q

Complications of constipation

A

hemorrhoids
anal tissue damage
fecal impaction
rectal prolapse

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8
Q

Laxatives and Cathartics

A

bulk forming (taken consistently)
emollient/wetting
osmotic (mag supps)
stimulant cathartics (urge need to go)

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9
Q

Are laxatives long or short term action?

A

short term

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10
Q

What position should you put a patient in for an enema?

A

left lateral sims

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11
Q

When should you stop an enema?

A

if the abdomen is rigid
cramping or pain

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12
Q

Impaction

A

unrelieved constipation and irritability to expel hardened stool in rectum

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13
Q

Risk factors for impaction

A

deabilitated
confused
unconscious

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14
Q

How to diagnose impaction

A

digital rectum exam

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15
Q

Sx of impaction

A

inability to pass stool despite urge
continuous oozing of liquid stool
loss of appetite
N/V
abdominal distention
cramping
rectal pain

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16
Q

Treatment for impaction

A

digital removal
assess need
nurse uses finger to break up and remove stool (last resort)

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17
Q

Diarrhea

A

loose watery stool

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18
Q

Causes of diarrhea

A

food borne pathogens
food intolerances, allergies
surgery
Dx tests
enteral feeding

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19
Q

Complications of diarrhea

A

dehydration ***
skin irritation
nutritional concerns

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20
Q

Antidiarrheal agents

A

decrease intestinal muscle tone and slows passage of feces

body absorbs more water

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21
Q

What kind of medication should be used in caution for diarrhea?

A

opioids

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22
Q

What electrolyte levels are lower with dehydration?

A

sodium- hyponatremia
potassium-hypokalemia

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23
Q

C diff

A

most common HAI-diarrhea
spore forming bacteria

24
Q

Hand hygiene for C diff

A

soap and water

bleach wipes

25
Q

Risk factors for C diff

A

elderly
antibiotic use
immunocompromised
GI procedure
long term care facility
Hx C diff

26
Q

Complications of C diff

A

dehydration
kidney failure
toxic mega colon
bowel perforation

27
Q

Contact precaution for C diff

A

Contact D

28
Q

How is C diff diagnosed?

A

stool sample

29
Q

Treatment for C diff

A

fluids
nutrition
antibiotics
surgery
fecal implantation
probiotics

30
Q

Bowel incontinence

A

inability to control passage of feces and gas from anus

31
Q

Nursing care for incontinence

A

frequent rounding
perineal care
call light
scheduled voiding times

32
Q

Teaching points for incontinence

A

limit fluids before bed
pelvic floor muscle exercises
voiding schedule
bowel training
void before bed

33
Q

What fluids promote urination or BM?

A

caffeine
soda
coffee
Prune juice

34
Q

Causes of bowel incontinence

A

nerve or muscle damage
impairment of fecal sphincter
constipation, diarrhea
large volume stool
surgery
rectal prolapse

35
Q

Risk factors for bowel incontinence

A

older age
female
nerve damage
dementia
decreased physical ability

36
Q

Complications of bowel incontinence

A

body image disturbance
skin irritation/ breakdown

37
Q

Treatment for bowel incontinence

A

antidiarrheals
bulk laxatives

38
Q

Prevention of bowel incontinence

A

reduce constipation
control diarrhea
avoid straining long term

39
Q

Flatulence

A

gas
burp or fart

40
Q

SX of flatulence

A

abdominal distinction
cramping
bloating

41
Q

Causes of flatulence

A

constipation
Food intolerance
GI diseases
stress

42
Q

Food with insoluble fiber

A

cauliflower
potatoes
green beans

encourage!

43
Q

Limiting carb intake foods

A

whole wheat
bran
oats
nuts

encourage!

44
Q

Hemorrhoids

A

dilated or engorged veins in lining of rectum
internal or external

45
Q

Causes of hemorrhoids

A

increased venous pressure from straining

46
Q

Treatment for hemorrhoids

A

excision for external
diet and fluids
exercise
warm sitz bath
surgery but high risk
ice pack

47
Q

Colon cancer

A

2 leading cause of cancer in men and women

48
Q

Risk factors for colon cancer

A

family history
>50 years
AA race
increased intake of red meat
decrease fiber intake
obesity
lack of exercise (sedentary)
alcohol, tobacco use
Hx of inflammatory bowel disease

49
Q

When should you start screening for colon cancer?

A

50 years

50
Q

Lab test for stool

A

if blood in stool - H and H
specimens
culture and sensitivity
DNA, fats, WBC
OVA and parasites

51
Q

Fecal occult blood test (FOBT)

A

ordered to detect cancer and evaluate unexplained diarrhea

stool sample from 2 places, 3 occurrences

52
Q

Purpose of NG tube

A

decompress stomach
enteral feeding
meds

53
Q

Nursing care for NG tube

A

verify order
verify placement with x-ray or residual
hook up to low wall suction (80-120)
administer food with meds
record I and O

54
Q

When is bowel training appropriate?

A

chronic constipation or fecal incontinence

set up daily routine

55
Q

What can habitual use of laxatives cause?

A

chronic constipation

56
Q

What is a drink that has a laxative effect?

A

coffee
alcohol

57
Q

What are the only kinds of laxative that can be taken long term, daily?

A

bulk forming

NUR 333 Funds II (9 decks)

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