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NUR 333 Funds II > Cardiac and Perfusion > Flashcards

Cardiac and Perfusion Flashcards

1
Q

Perfusion

A

passage of fluid through circulatory system or lymphatic system to an organ or tissue

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2
Q

Cardiac Output

A

amount of volume that blood is pumped by the heart in 1 minute (mL/min)

(stroke volume x heart rate)

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3
Q

Ejection Fraction

A

% of blood pumped out of the LEFT ventricle with each contraction

Normal = >50%
<40% = heart failure

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4
Q

Pulse Pressure

A

Difference of systolic and diastolic BP

Normal = 1/3 of SBP

High due to: atherosclerosis, exercise
Low due to: severe heart failure, hypovolemia

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5
Q

Pulse Alternans

A

Regular rhythm but strength (amplitude) of pulse varies with each beat.

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6
Q

Indirect Measurements of cardiac output

A

BP and HR (vitals)

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7
Q

Hypotension

A

Low blood pressure

<90mmHg

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8
Q

Hypertension

A

High blood pressure

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9
Q

Ischemia

A

Tissue death

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10
Q

Stroke

A

Cerebral vascular accident

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11
Q

Necrosis

A

Inflammation + bacteria growth

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12
Q

Peripheral Vascular Resistance

A

amount of effort that heart has to overcome to get blood to the periphery

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13
Q

Orthostatic Hypotension

A

When standing up from position and blood pressure drops

More likely in: immobilized pts, pregnant women, pts without high blood volume, elderly

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14
Q

Another word for chest pain

A

Angina

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15
Q

DASH diet

A

Diet Approaches to Stop Hypertension

Rich in fruits and veggies, whole grains, low sodium, low fat dairy

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16
Q

Myocardial Infarction

A

Another phrase for heart attack

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17
Q

Exogenous

A

when we eat/ingest cholersterol and triglycerides

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18
Q

Endogenous

A

when our body makes cholesterol and triglycerides

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19
Q

Hyperlipidemia

A

too many lipids (cholesterol/triglycerides) in the blood stream

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20
Q

Venous Thromboembolism

A

obstruction of blood vessel by blood clot that dislodged from the site of circulation

DVT + PE = VTE

starts in legs and moves to lungs

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21
Q

s2 represents

A

closure of aortic and pulmonic valves

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22
Q

s1 represents

A

tricuspid and mitral valve closures

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23
Q

murmurs sound like

A

swooshing or swishing sounds

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24
Q

Alterations in cardiac output are affected by

A

alterations in HR, stroke volume and myocardial contractility

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25
Q

Normal BP

A

force exerted by blood against blood vessel walls

120/80

26
Q

What can low pulse pressure be due to

A

severe heart failure

hypovolemia

27
Q

What can high pulse pressure be due to

A

atherosclerosis

exercise

28
Q

CAB

A

compressions
airway
breathing

29
Q

Rate of compressions for CPR

A

100-120/min

30
Q

Depth of compressions for CPR

A

2-3 inches

31
Q

Breaths for CPR

A

2 rescue breaths per rotation

only needed for children or babies

32
Q

Elevated BP

A

120-129 and <80

33
Q

Stage 1 HTN

A

130-139 or 80-89

34
Q

Stage 2 HTN

A

140+ or 90+

35
Q

HTN crisis

A

180+ and/or 120+

36
Q

Factors influencing BP

A

age
stress
ethnicity
genetics
disorders
meds
weight
smoking

37
Q

Modifiable risk factors for HTN

A

DM
elevated serum lipids (LDL, triglycerides)
excess sodium intake
obesity
sedentary lifestyle
stress
tobacco use
alcohol use

38
Q

Nonmodifiable risk factors for HTN

A

family hx
race/ethnicity
age (60+)
gender
chronic kidney diease

39
Q

HTN SX

A

ASYMPTOMMATIC
dizziness
headache
heart palpitations
nosebleed
SOB
red face
visual problems
fatigue
elevated temp

40
Q

HTN complications

A

CVD
Heart attack
Stroke
heart failure
PVD
renal disease
retinal disease

41
Q

Hypertensive Urgency

A

180+/120+

no s/sx of end organ damage

slowly decrease BP over hours to days

42
Q

Hypertensive Emergency

A

180+/120+

obvious s/sx of end organ damage

aggressively lower BP within min-hrs by IV treatment

43
Q

Hypotension S/Sx

A

pallor skin, clamminess
lightheaded
dizziness
confusion
blurred vision
chest pain
increased HR
decreased urine output
N/V

44
Q

How to diagnose orthostatic hypotension

A

SBP drops of 20mmHg or more
DBP drops of 10mmHh or more

sit stand stand, monitor BP, HR and symptoms

45
Q

Hyperlipidemia

A

too many lipids, high cholesterol

46
Q

Where is cholesterol produced endogenously

A

liver

47
Q

When should you screen for HLD

A

age 20 for every 4-6 yrs
age 40 for 10 year risk

48
Q

Fasting Diagnostic Testing

A

9-12 hours

affects LDL levels

49
Q

HDL

A

good guys

want to keep this level high

50
Q

LDL

A

bad guys

want to keep this level low

51
Q

Venous Thromboembolism (VTE)

A

deep vein thrombosis + pulmonary embolism

obstruction of blood vessel by a blood clot that has become dislodged from another site

52
Q

VTE S/Sx

A

localized swelling
tenderness
swelling over vein sites
warmth
complaints of calf pain with ambulating
UNILATERAL

53
Q

Nursing Care for VTE

A

SCDs
TEDs
calf pumping

54
Q

ECG placements

A

Snow over grass (R)
Smoke over fire (L)
Chocolate close to heart

55
Q

s3 represents

A

ventricular gallop

Ken TUCK y

56
Q

s4 represents

A

atrial gallop

TEN nes see

57
Q

If patient is found unresponsive, no signs of respiration, what is your first action

A

call for help

58
Q

What is the highest risk factor for developing DVTs?

A

Inactivity

59
Q

After load

A

pressure of ventricles used to pump blood out of the heart

60
Q

Preload

A

relaxation at filling phase of the ventricles

NUR 333 Funds II (9 decks)

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