Brainscape's Knowledge GenomeTM


Top Flashcards (Certified)
All Flashcards

NUR 333 Funds II > Diabetes > Flashcards

Diabetes Flashcards

1
Q

Endogenous

A

Within the body

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
2
Q

Exogenous

A

Outside of body

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
3
Q

Insulin Resistance

A

Type 2 diabetic description

Insulin receptors lose sensitivity and therefore stop producing insulin

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
4
Q

Polydipsia

A

Excessive thirst due to serum osmolality

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
5
Q

Polyuria

A

Frequent urination due to osmotic diuresis, excreting water, loss of K, Na, Cl electrolytes

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
6
Q

Polyphagia

A

excessive hunger due to protein and fat catabolism and cellular starvation

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
7
Q

Ketones (urine ketones)

A

Indicator of hyperglycemia

If high levels or positive in labs, call HCP

> 300 mg/dL is medical emergency

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
8
Q

Basal

A

long acting Insulin

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
9
Q

NPO

A

Nothing by mouth

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
10
Q

Hypoglycemia

A

Low blood glucose

BS <70mg/dL

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
11
Q

S/Sx of hypoglycemia

A

sweating
blurry vision
dizziness
anxiety
hunger
irritability
shakiness
fast HR-tachycardia
headache
fatigue
clammy skin
seizures, coma
numbness of fingers and toes

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
12
Q

Hyperglycemia

A

High blood glucose levels

BS>300 mg/dL is emergency
BS>600 is crisis situation

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
13
Q

Continuous Glucose Monitoring

A

New technology allowing for continuous insulin infusion (subQ)

Patients can monitor through app on device

Costly, can cause infection at insertion site, increased risk of DKA if pump malfunctions

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
14
Q

Retinopathy

A

damage to retina

encourage frequent eye exams

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
15
Q

Nephropathy

A

1 cause for renal disease

damage to blood vessels in kidneys

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
16
Q

Neuropathy

A

damage to nerves

major contributor to amputation

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
17
Q

Type 1 Diabetes

A

Usually due to genetic predisposition

Autoimmune disease

No endogenous insulin production

Destruction of beta cells with decreased insulin secretion

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
18
Q

What age group is more likely to experience Type 1 diabetes?

A

Younger children

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
19
Q

Type 2 Diabetes

A

Insulin receptors lose sensitivity

insulin RESISTANT

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
20
Q

What age group is more likely to have Type 2 diabetes?

A

Adults - Older adults

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
21
Q

Prealbumin

A

preferred for ACUTE conditions

Normal: 15-36

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
22
Q

Albumin

A

indicator for CHRONIC illnesses

Normal: 3.5-5.0

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
23
Q

S/Sx of diabetes

A

fatigue
recurring infections
slow wound healing

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
24
Q

Nonmodifiable Risk Factors

A

Family Hx
Hx of gestational diabetes
Age (45+)
Race/ethnicity

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
25
Modifiable Risk Factors
Physical Inactivity Diet HTN High cholesterol High body fat/weight
26
Fasting Blood Glucose
No food or drink 8 hrs Normal: <99 mg/dL Prediabetic: 100-125 Diabetic: >126
27
Casual Blood Glucose
Normal: <200 mg/dL
28
Urine Ketones
High ketones = hyperglycemia >300 is considered medical emergency
29
Lipid profile
HDL LDL Triglycerides May be elevated in DM patients
30
Labs with Diabetes
Fasted Blood Glucose Casual Blood Glucose Urine ketones Lipid profile Oral Glucose Tolerance Test HbA1C
31
What is the oral glucose tolerance test commonly used to diagnose?
Gestational DM Diabetic: >200 mg/dL
32
Hb A1C
Average glucose level over 3 months Normal: 4-6% Prediabetic: 5.7-6.4% Diabetic: >6.5%
33
What is the acceptable range for HbA1C in diabetic patients?
6-8% 7% is target
34
What type of testing is specific to Type 1 diabetics?
Islet cell autoantibody testing
35
Pre-diabetic patient
impaired glucose tolerance, impaired fasting glucose or both typically no sx, but monitor for fatigue, slow wound healing and frequently getting sick
36
What do steroid medications do to the blood sugar levels?
make them RISE
37
Educating pt when to call HCP
+ urine ketones BS > 250 mh/dL fever > 101.5 and not responding to tylenol feeling disoriented/ change in LOC persistent N/V/D inability to tolerate liquids illness longer than 2 days
38
When to use rapid and short acting insulins
before meals
39
When to use background insulin
once a day
40
Rapid acting insulin
Onset: 10-30 minutes Peak: 30 min-3hr Duration: 3-5hr
41
Regular/Short acting insulin
Onset: 30 min-1hr Peak: 2-5 hr Duration: 5-8hr
42
Intermediate Acting Insulin
Onset: 1.5-4hr Peak: 4-12hr Duration: 12-18hr
43
Long acting Insulin
Onset: 0.8-4hr Peak: never Duration: 16-24hr
44
What must you check before administering insulin?
Current blood sugar level
45
Insulin is a ____ medication
HIGH ALERT
46
Rule of 15
(if conscious and able to swallow) 15g simple carbs recheck FSBG in 15 minutes
47
What meds to give when pt is unconscious and unable to swallow
IV D50 IM glucagon
48
What are crisis situations from hyperglycemia
DKA Diabetic Ketoacidosis HHS Hyperglycemic Hyperosmolar Syndrome
49
Problems to be aware of with insulin pumps
Costly Infection at insertion site increased risk for DKA if pump malfunctions
50
Macro vascular complications
damage to large vessels coronary arteries peripheral vascular cerebral vascular
51
Micro vascular complications
retinopathy nephropathy neuropathy
52
Who with DM has 4-6x risk of cardiovascular disease
Women
53
Who with DM have 2-3x risk of cardiovascular disease
Men
54
Neuropathy Risks
Lower extremities and feet Loss of protective sensation
55
Where is albumin synthesized
Liver
56
Are complications present at time of diagnosis for Type 1?
No
57
Is the clinical presentation of Type 1 diabetes rapid or slow?
Rapid, acute onset
58
Is the onset of Type 2 diabetes rapid or slow?
Slow
59
Does type 1 diabetes require oral meds?
No, type 2 does.
60
Type 1 DM Sx
Polydipsia Polyuria Polyphagia fatigue unintentional weight loss
61
Type 2 Sx
Often none Fatigue Recurrent infections May have 3 Ps vision problems prolonged wound healing
62
What ethnic groups are more likely to have DM
Blacks Asian americans hispanics native hawaiians or pacific islanders native americans** highest
63
When does gestational diabetes develop
during pregnancy
64
Another name for mealtime insulin
Bolus
65
Changing subQ injections sites help avoid
lipodystrophy
66
What drug should be held before procedures
metformin
67
Hyperglycemia S/Sx
increased urination increase appetite weakness/fatigue blurred vision N/V abdominal cramps headache

NUR 333 Funds II (9 decks)

Brainscape helps you reach your goals faster, through stronger study habits.
© 2025 Bold Learning Solutions. Terms and Conditions