Nutrition

Question 1

What is the definition of the concept of nutrition?

Answer 1

The science of optimal cellular metabolism and its impact on health and disease

Question 2

What does the term obese mean?

Answer 2

BMI over 30

Associated with higher all-cause mortality

Generally, develop when caloric intake exceeds caloric expenditure

Major risk factors: morbidity, death, and high healthcare cost

Question 3

Vitamin A Consequences of Deficiencies

Answer 3

Night blindness

Question 4

Vitamin A Consequences of Toxicities

Answer 4

Loss of appetite, bone pain, hypercalcemia

Question 5

Vitamin B1 (thiamine) Consequences of Deficiencies

Answer 5

Wernicke encephalopathy with neurodegeneration

Question 6

Vitamin B1 (thiamine)
Consequences of Toxicities

Answer 6

Toxicity rare

Question 7

Vitamin B3 Consequences of Deficiencies

Answer 7

Pellagra with 4 Ds: dermatitis, diarrhea, dementia, death

Question 8

Vitamin B3 Consequences of Toxicities

Answer 8

Abnormal glucose metabolism flushing
nausea and vomiting

Question 9

Vitamin B12 Consequences of Deficiencies

Answer 9

Pernicious anemia
psychiatric disorders

Question 10

Vitamin B12 Consequences of Toxicities

Answer 10

unknown

Question 11

Biotin Consequences of Deficiencies

Answer 11

Hair loss

Question 12

Biotin Consequences of Toxicities

Answer 12

unknown

Question 13

Vitamin C Consequences of Deficiencies

Answer 13

Bleeding tendency, scurvy

Question 14

Vitamin C Consequences of Toxicities

Answer 14

Inhibits zinc absorption, urinary stones

Question 15

Vitamin D Consequences of Deficiencies

Answer 15

Rickets (softening of the bones), bone disease, muscle pain, falls

Question 16

Vitamin D Consequences of Toxicities

Answer 16

Hypercalcemia, renal stones, calcification of soft tissues

Question 17

Copper Consequences of Deficiencies

Answer 17

Anemia
skin lesions
neurologic disease
bone fragility

Question 18

Copper Consequences of Toxicities

Answer 18

Found in Wilson disease; neuron and liver cell damage

Question 19

Iron Consequences of Deficiencies

Answer 19

Anemia, fatigue, poor growth

Question 20

Iron Consequences of Toxicities

Answer 20

Hemochromatosis (genetic)
liver, pancreatic, and cardiac damage

Question 21

Magnesium Consequences of Deficiencies

Answer 21

Hypertension, dysrhythmia, preeclampsia (hypertension) disorder that can occur during pregnancy)

Question 22

Magnesium Consequences of Toxicities

Answer 22

Increased calcium excretion

Question 23

Zinc Consequences of Deficiencies

Answer 23

Dermatitis
impaired taste
impaired growth
low level of alkaline phosphatase enzyme

Question 24

Zinc Consequences of Toxicities

Answer 24

Copper deficiency, renal damage, nausea and vomiting, diarrhea