Immunity Flashcards
Describe
Role of Immune system
body’s protective response to infection and disease
Describe
Innate immunity
Defense system with which you were born
Primary Response: After exposure to antigen, initial production of IgM followed by the production of IgG against the same antigen
Describe
Adaptive immunity
occurs after your exposed and you get the antibody
Secondary Response: More rapid production of larger amounts of antibody compared to primary response. IgM may be transiently produced, but IgG is increased making it higher levels
develops over the lifetime of the individual and
provides long-term protection against specific invaders
Describe
Hypersensitivity
altered immunologic response to an antigen that results in disease or damage to the individual
Identify the risks involved with a patient that is immunosuppressed
Increased chance of infection
Longer healing time
Type I, Immunoglobulin E (IgE)–Mediated Reactions
→ First exposure to an allergen leads to antigen processing and presentation of antigen by an antigen-presenting cell (APC) to B lymphocytes, which is under the direction of T-helper 2 (Th2) cells.
→ Then the Th2 cells produce specific cytokines (example: interleukin 4 [IL-4], IL-13, and others) that favor maturation of the B lymphocytes into plasma cells that secrete IgE.
→ Afterwards The IgE is adsorbed to the surface of the mast cell by binding with IgE-specific Fc receptors.
→ When an adequate amount of IgE is bound, the mast cell is sensitized.
→ During a re-exposure, the allergen cross-links the surface bound IgE and causes degranulation of the mast cell. Contents of the mast cell granules, primarily histamine, induce local edema, smooth muscle contraction, mucous secretion, and other characteristics of an acute inflammatory reaction. H1 and H2 receptors, and Antihistamines.
Most Common Immunoglobulin
IgG (80-85%)
Largest Immunoglobulin
IgM
First antibody produced during primary response:
IgM
Protects against Infection, after IgM response
IgG
immunoglobulin transported across placenta
IgG
Secretory Immune System immunoglobulin
IGA
Immunoglobulin located in Blood
IgA
Immunoglobulin located in Body Secretion
IgA-2
Lowest Immunoglobulin concentration in blood
IgD
