fluid and electrolytes

Question 1

the process of regulating the
extracellular fluid volume, body fluid osmolality, and plasma concentrations of
electrolytes.

Answer 1

The concept fluid and electrolytes

Question 2

What is the role of potassium in the function of the body?

Answer 2

Potassium regulates intracellular electrical neutrality in relation to Na+ (sodium) and H+ (hydron)

It is also essential for transmission and conduction of nerve impulses, normal cardiac rhythms, and skeletal/smooth muscle contraction

Question 3

What are the clinical signs for hypokalemia?

Answer 3

level <3.5 mEq/L
-decrease in neuromuscular excitability
-skeletal muscle weakness
-smooth muscle atony (lack of physiological tone)
-cardiac dysrhythmias

Question 4

What are the clinical signs for hyperkalemia?

Answer 4

-level >5.5 mEq/L
-restlessness
-Intestinal cramping
-diarrhea

Question 5

-muscle weakness
-loss of muscle tone
-paralysis

Answer 5

clinical signs of hyperkalemia: severe

Question 6

What is the function of sodium in the body?

Answer 6

nerve impulse conduction
regulation of the acid–base balance
cellular biochemistry
transport of substances across the cellular membrane

Question 7

Where is sodium generally located in the fluids

Answer 7

kidneys and extracellular fluids

Question 8

What is the function of antidiuretic hormone?

Answer 8

Plays a key part in water retention
and thirst perception of the osmolality preceptors

Increases water reabsorption into the plasma

Conserves fluid volume of body by reducing amount of water passed out in the urine

Question 9

Children body water %

Answer 9

age 1-10 has 65% TBW

Susceptible to significant changes in body fluids

Dehydration in newborns

Question 10

Adult body water %

Answer 10

Adults males 60%
Adult females 50%

Question 11

What are the symptoms of hydrostatic pressure alterations?

Answer 11

edema
venous obstruction
salt and water retention
heart failure
decrease in capillary BP