fluid and electrolytes Flashcards
the process of regulating the
extracellular fluid volume, body fluid osmolality, and plasma concentrations of
electrolytes.
The concept fluid and electrolytes
What is the role of potassium in the function of the body?
Potassium regulates intracellular electrical neutrality in relation to Na+ (sodium) and H+ (hydron)
It is also essential for transmission and conduction of nerve impulses, normal cardiac rhythms, and skeletal/smooth muscle contraction
What are the clinical signs for hypokalemia?
level <3.5 mEq/L
-decrease in neuromuscular excitability
-skeletal muscle weakness
-smooth muscle atony (lack of physiological tone)
-cardiac dysrhythmias
What are the clinical signs for hyperkalemia?
-level >5.5 mEq/L
-restlessness
-Intestinal cramping
-diarrhea
-muscle weakness
-loss of muscle tone
-paralysis
clinical signs of hyperkalemia: severe
What is the function of sodium in the body?
nerve impulse conduction
regulation of the acid–base balance
cellular biochemistry
transport of substances across the cellular membrane
Where is sodium generally located in the fluids
kidneys and extracellular fluids
What is the function of antidiuretic hormone?
Plays a key part in water retention
and thirst perception of the osmolality preceptors
Increases water reabsorption into the plasma
Conserves fluid volume of body by reducing amount of water passed out in the urine
Children body water %
age 1-10 has 65% TBW
Susceptible to significant changes in body fluids
Dehydration in newborns
Adult body water %
Adults males 60%
Adult females 50%
What are the symptoms of hydrostatic pressure alterations?
edema
venous obstruction
salt and water retention
heart failure
decrease in capillary BP
