nutrition Flashcards
feed classifications
roughages, concentrates, feed additives
roughages
high in fiber so low in energy. has nitrogen fixation bacteria
2 types of roughages
proteinaceous (alfalfa) and carbonaceous (grasses)
hay
preservation method based on removal of water content
silage
preservation method based on acidification by fermentation
types of concentrates
energy (low in fibre//high in energy) –> plant sources
protein (35-90% CP) –> plant and animal sources
how does an increase in processing affect nutrients?
increase in processing means increased digestibility and rate of passage
2 examples of protien concentrates from animal and plant sources
animal –> bone or blood meal
plant –> cottonseed or soybean meal
2 types of feed additives
nutrient additives and non-nutrient additives
nutrient additives
essential for life support
non-nutrient additives
alters metabolism
how does nutrient requirements change?
physical –> weight/size, stage of production, age, work
environmental –> climate, physical activity, diseases
body composition of animals
60% water
16% protein
2-20% fat
4% ash
water
essential for transport, lubrication and cooling
what happens if more than 10% of the body water is lost?
death
monosaccharides
glucose, fructose, galactose
disaccharides
sucrose, lactose, maltose
polysaccharides
starch, cellulose, glycogen
monogastric energy source
simple CHO’s
ruminants and NRH energy source
simple CHO’s but VFA’s are primary role as energy substrate
how much more energy does fats have than carbohydrates?
~2.25x
why use carbohydrates as energy instead of fats?
cost of fats is much higher
where do monogastrics get protein?
diet
where do ruminants get protein?
diet and digested microbes
macrominerals
required in greater proportion by animals
calcium, sodium, potassium, chlorine
microminerals
required in lower proportions by animals
iodine and iron
fat soluble vitamins
a, d, e, k
water soluble vitamins
c, b-complex
