animal genetics

Question 1

P= G+E

Answer 1

phenotype = genotype + environment

Question 2

goals of animal genetics

Answer 2

increase profit, efficiency of production, quality of production

Question 3

dna

Answer 3

adenosine, thymine, guanine, cytosine

Question 4

gene

Answer 4

basic unit of inheritance consisting of a DNA sequence at a specific location on a chromosome

Question 5

chromosome

Answer 5

one of a number of long strands of DNA and associated proteins present in the nucleus of every cell

Question 6

how are chromosomes assorted

Answer 6

independently

Question 7

definition of an allele

Answer 7

alternate forms of a gene

Question 8

what is meiosis

Answer 8

cell division used in the production of gametes

Question 9

what are the types of simple inherited gene expression

Answer 9

dominance, recessive, codominance, incomplete dominance

Question 10

types of polygenic gene expression

Answer 10

additive gene action

Question 11

horned vs polled

Answer 11

polled gene is dominant

Question 12

how does codominance show in shorthorn cattle

Answer 12

roan, white, and red

Question 13

what is an example of incomplete dominance

Answer 13

labradoodle hair

Question 14

what is additive gene action

Answer 14

many genes are involved in the expression of a trait (quantitative traits)

Question 15

differences in selection

Answer 15

natural selection is survival of the fittest vs artificial selection is only by human influence

Question 16

what is a qualitative trait?

Answer 16

has discrete classes and is simply inherited

Question 17

what is a quantitative trait

Answer 17

expression over a range of genes

Question 18

inbreeding

Answer 18

mating of animals more closely related than the rest of the population

Question 19

inbreeding depression

Answer 19

where recessive genes become dominant allowing for “hidden” genes to come out

Question 20

outbreeding

Answer 20

mating less closely related individuals when compared to the average of the population

Question 21

heterosis

Answer 21

new genes that help increase the gene pool and create more genetically fit offspring

Question 22

purpose of purebreeding

Answer 22

concentrate genes of an outstanding ancestor in the linebred individuals

Question 23

what is crossbreeding

Answer 23

breeding of animals of different breeds or species

Question 24

what is complimentarity of traits

Answer 24

brangus –> heat and disease resistance of brahman and carcass quality of Angus

Question 25

what is a terminal cross

Answer 25

crosses that are sent to market, don’t want that line to keep producing

Question 26

what is feed efficiency

Answer 26

how many pounds of food it takes to produce 1 pound of meat

Question 27

what is cloning

Answer 27

exact copy of desired individual

Question 28

what is gene insertion

Answer 28

insert gene for desired trait

Question 29

what is gene editing

Answer 29

changing an animals genes to the desired trait

Question 30

where is gene insertion used

Answer 30

mouse + bST gene (bovine growth hormone)

Question 31

examples of gene editing

Answer 31

hornless dairy cows or all male offspring

Question 32

benefits of genetic engineering

Answer 32

increases yield and can decrease pesticide use and can help increase availability of medical drugs