digestive physiology

Question 1

digestion

Answer 1

process of converting complex nutrients into forms that can be absorbed

Question 2

prehension

Answer 2

grabbing the food with the mouth

Question 3

mastication

Answer 3

mechanical digestion

Question 4

types of digestion

Answer 4

chemical and or microbial digestion

Question 5

absorption definition

Answer 5

process by which digested nutrients cross gastrointestinal membranes

Question 6

carnivore diet

Answer 6

> 80-90% animal based diet
chemical digestion
very limited microbial digestion

Question 7

omnivore diet

Answer 7

meats
highly digestible plant components
chemical digestion
microbial digestion is limited to very limited (species dependent)

Question 8

herbivores

Answer 8

primarily eat forages (low digestible plant components)
microbial digestion is primary
chemical digestion is secondary

Question 9

4 types of digestive tracts

Answer 9

monogastric
ruminent
non-ruminent herbivore
modified monogastric

Question 10

mouth

Answer 10

saliva and mastication

Question 11

esophagus

Answer 11

connects mouth to stomach
monogastric - one way
ruminants - both ways (rumination)

Question 12

stomach

Answer 12

chemical digestion

Question 13

mucous cells

Answer 13

secrete alkaline mucus that protects the epithelium against shear stress and acid

Question 14

parietal cells

Answer 14

secrete hydrochloric acid

Question 15

chief cells

Answer 15

secrete pepsinogen (proteolytic enzyme)

Question 16

g cells

Answer 16

secretes gastrin

Question 17

amylase

Answer 17

converts complex carbohydrates to glucose

Question 18

protease

Answer 18

converts proteins to amino acids

Question 19

lipase

Answer 19

converts complex lipids to fatty acids

Question 20

reticulum

Answer 20

honey comb pattern (strainer)

Question 21

rumen

Answer 21

has papillae - increased surface for VFA’s to be absorbed

Question 22

omasum

Answer 22

water strainer (reabsorbing water)

Question 23

abomasum

Answer 23

gastric stomach in ruminants

Question 24

glucose can be digested by ..

Answer 24

chemical and microbial digestion

Question 25

starch can be digested by …

Answer 25

microbial digestion

Question 26

cellulose can be digested by …

Answer 26

microbial digestion

Question 27

VFA’s

Answer 27

Acetic
propionic
butyric

Question 28

groove responsible for rumen development

Answer 28

ruminoreticular groove

Question 29

monogastric digestive tract

Answer 29

mouth –> mastication (mechanical) and saliva (chemical)
esophagus –> transport
stomach –> chemical digestion
small intestine –> proximal (digestion) and distal (absorption)
cecum –> blind pouch
large intestine –> h2O absorption

Question 30

non-ruminent herbivore digestive tract

Answer 30

mouth –> mastication (mechanical) and saliva (chemical)
esophagus –> transport
stomach –> chemical digestion
small intestine –> proximal (digestion) and distal (absorption)
cecum –> microbial digestion
large intestine –> H20 absorption and microbial digestion

Question 31

modified monogastric

Answer 31

esophagus –> transport
crop –> moistening
proventriculus –> chemical digestion
gizzard –> mastication
small intestine –> proximal (digestion) and distal (absorption)
ceca –> two lobes
large intestine –> H20 absorption
cloaca –> defecation

Question 32

ruminants

Answer 32

mouth –> mastication (mechanical) and saliva (chemical)
esophagus –> transport (go both ways)
rumen (fermentation vat/VFA’s absorbed) -> reticulum (strainer) -> omasum (water absorption) -> abomasum (gastric stomach, digests microbes and VFA’s (from feed)
small intestine –> proximal (digestion) and distal (absorption)
cecum –> microbial digestion
large intestine –> H20 absorption and microbial digestion