domestication Flashcards
domesticated
to adapt to life in intimate association with and to the advantage of humans
wild
living in a natural, undomesticated state
feral
ancestors had been domesticated have reverted and now live in a wild state
tame
animal that is relativley tolerant of human presence
charecteristics of domesticated animals
- bred in captivity for human benefit
- control of breeding/reproduction
- control territory
- control food supply
criterion for domestication
- diet
- growth rate
- breed in captivity
- disposition
- less likely to panic
- size
- social hierarchy
commensal pathway of domestication
animal moves into areas with humankind later develops partnership with humans
prey pathway
human action to enhance resource yield or predictability
directed pathway
humans deliberately set out to domesticate a speices
importance of domestication
began 20-30,000 years ago
facilitated change from hunter/gatherer to agrarian society
allowed development of civilization
magnificent 7
dog
goat
sheep
cattle
pig
horse
cat
dog domestication
15,000 ya
more than one event
thought to be directed pathway or commensal pathway
stages of dog domestication
1: self-domestication
2: strict captivity - limit breeding
3: intentional breeding
4: trait standardization
5: eliminate wild species (genes)
who was Dmitri belyav
guy with Russian silver foxes
bred in captivity for 40 years to show how dog domestication may have occured
sheep and goat domestication
9,000 BC for sheep (mouflon in Eurasia)
8,000 BC for goats (wild goats in Eurasia and Middle East)
good choice because of size and highly gregarious
domestication of cattle
5,800 BC bos taurus taurus
2,500 BC bos Taurus indicus
origins in Eurasia
impact of cattle domestication
- products
- key to agrarian revolution as draft animal
swine domestication
5,000 BC
omnivore
origins in Eurasia
drawbacks of domestication
- pests
- not a good herding animal but ok with housing/pen arrangement
domestication of horse/donkey
4,000 BC Horse
3,000 BC Donkey
domesticated in the northern Caucasus
domestication of cats
3,000 BC
origins in Europe and Asia
domesticated in the commensal pathway (similar to dogs)
domestication of poultry
5,500 BC for chickens (asian jungle fowl)
1,000 BC for turkeys (from Central America)
domestication of camelids
1,500 BC for both dromedary and bacitracin
dromedary in asia (one hump)
bactrian in mongolia (two humps)
