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Laughing Pedi > Nutrition > Flashcards

Nutrition Flashcards

0
Q

Vit B1

A

thiamine

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1
Q

Phylloquinone

A

Vitamin K

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2
Q

B2

A

Riboflavin

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3
Q

B3

A

Niacin

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4
Q

B5

A

Panto (pento) thenic acid

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5
Q

B9

A

folate

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6
Q

B12

A

cyanocobalamin

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7
Q

xerophthalmia (dry eyes)

nyctalopia (night blindness)

A

Retinol (Vit A) deficiency

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8
Q

Beri beri:
what is it?
what does it cause?

A

Thiamine B1 deficiency

causes: mental confusion, peripheral paralysis, muscle weakness, tachycardia, cardiomegaly

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9
Q

vit def causing anemia, angular stomatitis, serborrheic dermatitis?
(SAD)

A

B2: Riboflavin (think of preemies on too much phototherapy w/ B goggles)

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10
Q

Pellagra?
What is it,
what does it cause?

A

Vitamin B3 Niacin deficiency
3Ds: Dermatitis, Dementia, Diarrhea
(3Ds of B3)
also glossitis.

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11
Q

Sx of pyridoxine deficiency and toxicity?

A

Def: swelling of tongue, rash, neuropathy w/ INH
Tox: neuropathy

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12
Q

S/e or toxicity of folate (B9)

A

irritability, can mask B12 deficiency

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13
Q

too much vit C can cause what?

A

oxalate and cysteine kidney stones

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14
Q

what vit can trigger hemolytic crisis in G6PD def?

A

Vit C

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15
Q

Vit deficiency causing anemia, neuropathy, loss of DTRs, muscle weakness?

A

E Tocopherol

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16
Q

Potential Vit E toxicity?

A

liver

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17
Q

Vitamin D tox?
Sx and Tx
Similar sx to what?

A

hypercalcemia, hyperphosphatemia (think of these leaving bone), n/v, weakness
Polyuria, polydipsia, elevated BUN, kidney stones, renal failure (think of Vit D, DM)
Tx w/ hydration, Na+K, Lasix.

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18
Q

Vit D2

A

Ergocalciferol (2cs = Vit D2)

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19
Q

Vit D3

A

Cholecalciferol (3Cs = Vit D3)

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20
Q

25-hydroxy Vit D

A

Calcidiol, hydroxylated in liver (1 liver, 1 number)

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21
Q

1, 25 hydroxycalciferol

A

activated / hydroxylated in kidney. Calcitriol.

Two kidneys

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22
Q

Rickets?
Caused by what
Lab values

A 
Vit D def
low 25 OH Vit D
High alk phos
High PTH
nl Ca, phos usually
Can occur in setting of liver dz and decr availability of bile salts
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23
Q

what is acrodermatitis enteropathica? What does it cause?

A

zinc deficiency, autosomal recessive

dermatitis around mouth and in limbs, diarrhea, alopecia

24
Q

remembering caloric requirements / kg?

A

1500 for first 20kg, then 29 cal/kg for each additional

25
Q

How many kcal/kg/day to term and preterm infants require?

A

100-120 kcal/kg/day

26
Q

Premature infants require how much protein

Full term infants require how much protein

A

preterm: 3.5 g/kg/day
term: 2-2.5 g/kg/day x mos

27
Q

major reason post-op infant isn’t gaining weight?

A

incr UOP b/c of incr renal solute load

28
Q

what are the important components of renal solute load?

A

sodium, potassium, chloride, phosphorus

29
Q

An essential fatty acid?

A

lineoleic acid

30
Q

recommended concentration of iron in iron fortified formula?

A

12mg/L

31
Q

which infants require iron supp

A

preterm, LBW before 6 mos, no matter what

32
Q

what classifies a low iron formula, and when should it be used?

A

1.5mg/L, never use it.

33
Q

infant with scaly dermatitis, alopecia, TCP?

A

Essential fatty acid (lineoleic acid) deficiency

34
Q

Edema, Erythrocyte explosion (hemolytic anemia), elevated Plts caused by what deficiency?

A

Vit E def

35
Q

Zinc deficiency may be apparent in what time/event period?

A

when weaning from breast milk b/c it contains protein that facilitates zinc absorption

36
Q

When to give protein hydrolysate formula?

A

soy protein allergy or milk protein allergy

37
Q

What type of fat should preemies get?

A

medium chain TGs, b/c they have decr bile salts, but these aren’t sufficient for essential FAs.
Preemie formulas have 50% total fat from MC TGs vs 12% in regular breast milk

38
Q

What acids are decreased in mature breast milk vs colostrum

A

arachidonic acid (AA) and docosahexaenoic acid (DHA) for neuro development

39
Q

Colostrum vs mature milk?

which has more protein, fat, lactose, energy?

A

Colostrum has higher protein.

Mature milk has higher fat, lactose, energy

40
Q

cow’s milk vs human milk on calcium, phosophorus?

A

breast milk has less phosphorous. Cow’s milk has a lot, so if its given to kid < 12 mos, they will get too much and develop low Calcium. (hypocowlcemia)

41
Q

When no breast feeding?

A

Rx: flagyl (for trichomonas), diazepam, antithyroid meds, tetracycline, sulfonamides
HIV, HSV on breast
CMV / TB
radioactive meds/chemos,
Errors of metab: galactosemia, PKU, Urea cycle defects

42
Q

How long should breast feeding be stopped for for technetium 99 scan?

A

1-2 days (contraindication to radioactive rule)

43
Q

Protein concentration in Human milk, cow milk, modified cow formula.

A

Human milk has 0.9 g/dL
Cow milk 3.5 g/dL
Formula 1.4 g/dL

44
Q

whey: casein is highest in what kind of milk?

What type of whey in cow vs human milk?

A

human milk is 70% whey (alpha lactalbumin), 30% casein VS

Cow milk: 20% whey (beta lactalbumin)

45
Q

why is alphalactalbumin in human whey milk better?

A

its got more lactoferrin, lysozyme, IgA for easier digestion

46
Q

calcium: phosphorous ratio in human milk vs cow formula

A

human milk: 2:1
cow formula: 1.5:1
(more phosphorous in formula…)

47
Q

protein requirement for preemies

A

3-4 g/kg/day vs 2-3 in full term

48
Q

Big thing to avoid in preemies w/ regard to protein intake

A

negative nitrogen balance which causes wt loss

49
Q

role of lactose in milk?

A

for infants: inhibits bacterial adhesion to mucosal surface, reduces risk of bacterial infx.

50
Q

typical wt gain for newborn per day and how many cal?

preemies?

A

20-30 g/day, requires 100 cal/kg/day

Preemies 15-20 g/day on 120cal/kg/day

51
Q

obesity: distinguishing from overeating vs hormonal/genetic?

A

overeating: tall, advanced bone age

hormonal / genetic: short, delayed bone age

52
Q

chance of obesity if present at age 6 vs age 12?

A

25% –> 75%

53
Q

head / craniotabes w/ delayed suture and fontanel closure, frontal bossing and bad tooth enamel should lead to consideration of ?

A

Rickets

54
Q

marasmus hallmark?

A

severe nutritional deficiency: muscle wasting w/o edema, normal hair

55
Q

most common complication of NGT feeding?, 2nd?

most severe?

A

diarrhea, GERD

most severe: vomiting w/ aspiration

56
Q

poor feeding, irritability, metaphyseal irregularity, normal vitD,neutropenia?
Who is at risk?
How to supplement?

A

copper def
preterm babies receiving inappropriate trace element supplementation with their parenteral nutrition
Copper 200mcg / L

57
Q

si/sx of magnesium def?

A

hypotonia, apnea

Laughing Pedi (24 decks)

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