Nutrition

Question 1

nutrients

Answer 1

• essential food substrances
• organic and inorganic
• energy for cellular activities: growth, repair, disease, resistance, fluid balance, thermoregulation
• essential- body cant produce
• how much someone needs depends on: age, basal metabolism, activity level, sex, disorders

Question 2

calories

Answer 2

• nutrients that contain calories are proteins, carbs, fats
• water, vitamins, minerals and fibers do not contain calories
• 1,800-2,200 calories a day

Question 3

BMI 18.5

Answer 3

underweight

Question 4

BMI 18.5-24.9

Answer 4

healthy weight

Question 5

BMI 25 to 29.9

Answer 5

overweight

Question 6

BMI 30 or greater

Answer 6

obese

Question 7

BMI

Answer 7

mass (kg) /height in m^2

Question 8

diet

Answer 8

-low in fat, high in fiber from plant sources and whole grains, within caloric limit, balanced, and avoids highly processed foods

Question 9

water

Answer 9

2-3L a day

• transports nutrients and O2
• removes waste
• regulates body temp through sweat
• component of blood and bodily fluids

Question 10

hyponatremia

Answer 10

• too much water
• infants, athletes, people with medical conditions
• sodium losses are not replaced

Question 11

conditional amino acids

Answer 11

-not usually essential but might become essential when the body is undergoing stress or illness

Question 12

proteins

Answer 12

5-6oz of proteins daily

Question 13

trans fats

Answer 13

• used to preserve food

- raises LDL cholesterol levels

Question 14

saturated fats

Answer 14

• solid at room temp

- raises LDL cholesterol

Question 15

unsaturated fats

Answer 15

• less dense and heavy
• ooils
• less potential for raising cholesterol

Question 16

1g of fat

Answer 16

9 calories

Question 17

1g of protein or carbohydrate

Answer 17

4 calories

Question 18

fiber

Answer 18

• complex carb
• cannot digest
• roughage
• slows time food takes to pass
• absorbs some wastes for easier elimination of stool
• lowering cholesterol
• slowing glucose absorption

Question 19

vitamins

Answer 19

• organic
• metabolize energy
• we can only make vitamin D, A, and B3

Question 20

fat soluble vitamins

Answer 20

A, D, E, K

Question 21

water soluble vitamins

Answer 21

B1, B2, B3, B6, folate, B12, pantothenic acid, biotin, C

Question 22

vitamin A

Answer 22

• retinol
• night vision
• cell growth
• maintenance health of skin and mucous membranes

Question 23

vitamin B1

Answer 23

• thiamine
• carbohydrate metabolism
• heart
• nerve
• muscle

Question 24

vitamin B2

Answer 24

• riboflavin

- fat and protein metabolism

Question 25

vitamin B3

Answer 25

- niacin | - carbohydrate and fat metabolism

Question 26

vitamin B6

Answer 26

- pyridoxine | - enzyme assistance in amino acid synthesis

Question 27

vitamin B12

Answer 27

- cobalamins - protein and fat metabolism - nerve cell maintenance

Question 28

biotin

Answer 28

-carbohydrate, protein and fat metabolism

Question 29

vitamin C

Answer 29

ascorbic acid - immunity - iron absorption - structure of bones - muscles and blood vessels

Question 30

vitamin D

Answer 30

- calciferol - calcium absorption - bone and tooth structure - support of heart and nerve

Question 31

vitamin E

Answer 31

-protection of cells from destruction formation of blood cells

Question 32

vitamin folate

Answer 32

- maintenance of RBC | - genetic material development

Question 33

vitamin K

Answer 33

- normal blood clotting | - bone growth

Question 34

pantothenic acid

Answer 34

release of energy from carbs and fats

Question 35

minerals

Answer 35

- inorganic - small quantities - bone strength - muscle contraction/relaxation - regulate acid-base balance - blood clotting and tissue repair - cofactors for enzymes - Ca - Na - K - Ph - Mg - Fe - I - Zn - Cu

Question 36

Calcium

Answer 36

- bone and tooth development - nerve and muscle function - normal blood clotting

Question 37

magnesium

Answer 37

- carbohydrate and protein metabolism | - muscle contraction and structure

Question 38

phosphorus

Answer 38

- formation and maintenance of bones and teeth | - energy production

Question 39

potassium

Answer 39

- muscle contraction - fluid balance - nerve, muscle and heart function

Question 40

sodium

Answer 40

- fluid balance glucose transport - acid-base balance - muscle and nerve function

Question 41

iron

Answer 41

- formation of hemoglobin | - contributor to enzymes and proteins