Microbiology Flashcards
microbiology
- study of living forms only visible under microscope
- can cause infections
cell membrane
-in bacterial cells the cell membrane lies within the cell wall
cell wall
- not in human cells
- in bacterial cells
- gram positive or negative -> affects the medication used
- medications dont attack the human cells bc they dont have cell walls
peroxisome
contains enzymes
bacteria
- single celled
- reproduces rapidly
- can survive without other living tissue
- coccus
- spirillum
- vibrio (comma shaped)
- bacillus (rod)
rickettsiae
- type of bacteria that live and grow only inside other living things like insects
- acquired by insect bite
antibiotics
kill bacteria
viruses
- causes infection and disease
- require living tissue to survive and grow
- parasites
- attach to host cells
- can lie dormant
- mutate
fungi
grows on or in plants and animals
- single cell fungi- yeast
- multi cell- mold
- most dont cause disease
- athletes foots, vaginal infection
- source of antibiotics
protozoa
- single cell
- parasite
- can be microscopic or large enough to see with eye
- thrive in damp environments and in bodies of water
- replicate rapidly inside a living host
- dysentery -> diarrhea
multicellular parasites
- lice
- bed bugs
- scabies
- pinworm
nonpathogenic microorganisms
- bacteria in GI tract
- assist with digestion
- probiotics
adenovirus
- causes pharyngitis
- spread by droplet, direct contact
epstein-barr
- causes mononucleosis
- spread by saliva
hepatitis A
- causes hepatitis A
- spread by fecal-oral
hepatitis B
- causes hepatitis B
- spread bloodborne, sexual
hepatitis C
- causes hepatitis C
- spread bloodborne
herpes simplex
- causes cold sores, genital herpes
- spread through contact with blister fluid, sexual
human immunodeficiency
- causes AIDS
- spread bloodborne, sexual
human papillomavirus
- causes genital warts
- spread sexually
influenza
- causes influenza
- spread airborne, droplet
measles
- causes measles
- spread airborne, droplet
molluscipoxvirus
- causes molluscum contagiosum warts
- spread through contact
mumps
- causes mumps
- spread airborne, droplet
parvovirus
- causes fifth disease
- spread by droplet, bloodborne
rabies
- causes rabies
- spread by vector (infected animal)
rhinoviruses
- causes common cold
- spreads by droplet, contact, fomites
rotavirus
- causes rotavirus
- spread fecal-oral
rubella
- causes german measles
- spread airborne, droplet
varicella-zoster
- causes chickenpox, shingles
- spread by airborne, droplet, contact with blister fluid
variola major
- causes smallpox
- spread by contact and fomites
ascaris lumbricoides
- causes roundworm
- contact with contaminated soil
cimex parasites
- bed bugs
- spread by contact with infested bedding or furniture
diphyllobothrium latum
- tapeworm
- spread by foodborne (raw, infected fish)
enterobius vemiculais
- pinworms
- spread fecal-oral
pediculus humanus capitis
- pediculosis (head lice)
- spread by contact with infested hair
phthirus pubis
- pubic lice (Crabs)
- spread by contact with infested pubic hair
sarcoptes scabiei
- scabies
- spread by contact
aspergillus fumigatus
- aspergillosis
- spread airborne
- fungus
candida albicans
- candidiasis (thrush, vaginal yeast infection)
- spread by overgrowth of normal flora not usually sexual
- fungus
cryptococcus neoformans
- cryptococcosis
- spread by contact with poultry droppings
- fungus
trichophyton rubrum, trichophyton tonsurans (dermatophytes)
- ringworm
- spread by contact
- fungus
histoplasma capsulatum
- histoplasmosis
- spread airborne
- fungus
pneumocystis jirovecii, pneumocystis carinii
- pneumocystis pneumonia
- spread by airborne
entamoeba histolytica
- amebiasis
- spread fecal oral
- protozoa
giardia intestinalis (giardia lamblia)
- giardiasis
- spread fecal oral
- protozoa
plasmodium parasites
- malaria
- spread by vector (mosquito)
- protozoa
toxoplasma gondii
- toxoplasmosis
- spread by foodborne, vector (animal), transplacental (pregnant patient to fetus)
trichinella spiralis
- trichinosis
- spread by foodborne (undercooked pork)
- protozoa
trichomonas vaginalis
- trichomoniasis
- spread sexually
- protozoa
bacillus anthracis
- causes anthrax
- spread by vector, contact with or eating undercooked meat from infected animals, spore inhalation
bordetella pertussis
- causes whooping cough
- spread airborne
- bacteria
borrelia burgdorferi
- causes lyme disease
- spread by vector (tick)
- bacteria
camplyobacter jejuni
- causes food poisoning
- spread by contaminated food and fluids
- bacteria
chlamydia trachomatis
- causes chlamydia
- spread sexually
- bacteria
clostridium botulinum
- causes botulism
- spread foodborne
- bacteria
clostridium difficile
- causes colitis
- spread fecal oral
clostridium perfringens
- causes gas gangrene
- spread by contact with wounds
- bacteria
clostridium tetani
- causes tetanus
- spread by contact through a deep cut
- bacteria
corynebacterium diphtheriae
- causes diphtheria
- spread through droplet
- bacteria
escherichia coli
- causes diarrhea
- spread foodborne
- bacteria
group B streptococcus
- causes meningitis
- spread through droplet
- bacteria
haemophilus influenzae
- causes pneumonia, epiglottitis meningitis
- spread by droplet
helicobacter pylori
- causes peptic ulcer disease
- spread by fecal oral, oral anal etc.
legionella pneumophila
- causes legionnaires disease
- spread by water aerosol
- bacteria
listeria monocytogenes
- causes meningitis
- spread by droplet
- bacteria
mycobacterium leprae
- causes leprosy
- spread by airborne, droplet
- bacteria
mycobacterium tuberculosis
- causes tuberculosis
- spread by airborne, droplet
mycoplasma pneumoniae
- causes pneumonia
- spread by droplet
- bacteria
neisseria gonorrheoae
- causes gonorrhea
- spread sexually
- bacteria
neisseria meningitidis
- causes meningitis
- spread through droplet
pseudomonas aeruginosa
- causes hot tub rash
- spread by contaminated rash
- bacteria
rickettsia prowazekii
- causes typhus
- spread by vector (tick)
rickettsia rickettsii
- causes rocky mountain spotted fever
- spread by vector (tick)
shigella sonnei
- causes shigellosis
- spread by fecal oral
staphylococcus aureus
- causes boils, septicemia, pneumonia
- spread by contact
streptococcus pneumoniae
- causes pneumonia
- spread by airborne, droplet, contact
- bacteria
streptococcus pyogenes
- causes strep throat, rheumatic fever, septicemia
- spread by droplet
- bacteria
treponema pallidum
- causes syphilis
- spread sexually
- bacteria
vibrio cholerae
- causes cholera
- spread by fecal oral, contaminated water
yersinia pestis
- causes plague
- spread by vector (fleas, rodents)
fomites
-non living objects that carry pathogens
