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Medical Assistant > Microbiology > Flashcards

Microbiology Flashcards

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USMLE® Step 1 flashcards
1
Q

microbiology

A
  • study of living forms only visible under microscope

- can cause infections

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2
Q

cell membrane

A

-in bacterial cells the cell membrane lies within the cell wall

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3
Q

cell wall

A
  • not in human cells
  • in bacterial cells
  • gram positive or negative -> affects the medication used
  • medications dont attack the human cells bc they dont have cell walls
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4
Q

peroxisome

A

contains enzymes

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5
Q

bacteria

A
  • single celled
  • reproduces rapidly
  • can survive without other living tissue
  • coccus
  • spirillum
  • vibrio (comma shaped)
  • bacillus (rod)
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6
Q

rickettsiae

A
  • type of bacteria that live and grow only inside other living things like insects
  • acquired by insect bite
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7
Q

antibiotics

A

kill bacteria

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8
Q

viruses

A
  • causes infection and disease
  • require living tissue to survive and grow
  • parasites
  • attach to host cells
  • can lie dormant
  • mutate
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9
Q

fungi

A

grows on or in plants and animals

  • single cell fungi- yeast
  • multi cell- mold
  • most dont cause disease
  • athletes foots, vaginal infection
  • source of antibiotics
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10
Q

protozoa

A
  • single cell
  • parasite
  • can be microscopic or large enough to see with eye
  • thrive in damp environments and in bodies of water
  • replicate rapidly inside a living host
  • dysentery -> diarrhea
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11
Q

multicellular parasites

A
  • lice
  • bed bugs
  • scabies
  • pinworm
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12
Q

nonpathogenic microorganisms

A
  • bacteria in GI tract
  • assist with digestion
  • probiotics
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13
Q

adenovirus

A
  • causes pharyngitis

- spread by droplet, direct contact

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14
Q

epstein-barr

A
  • causes mononucleosis

- spread by saliva

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15
Q

hepatitis A

A
  • causes hepatitis A

- spread by fecal-oral

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16
Q

hepatitis B

A
  • causes hepatitis B

- spread bloodborne, sexual

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17
Q

hepatitis C

A
  • causes hepatitis C

- spread bloodborne

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18
Q

herpes simplex

A
  • causes cold sores, genital herpes

- spread through contact with blister fluid, sexual

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19
Q

human immunodeficiency

A
  • causes AIDS

- spread bloodborne, sexual

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20
Q

human papillomavirus

A
  • causes genital warts

- spread sexually

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21
Q

influenza

A
  • causes influenza

- spread airborne, droplet

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22
Q

measles

A
  • causes measles

- spread airborne, droplet

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23
Q

molluscipoxvirus

A
  • causes molluscum contagiosum warts

- spread through contact

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24
Q

mumps

A
  • causes mumps

- spread airborne, droplet

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25
Q

parvovirus

A
  • causes fifth disease

- spread by droplet, bloodborne

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26
Q

rabies

A
  • causes rabies

- spread by vector (infected animal)

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27
Q

rhinoviruses

A
  • causes common cold

- spreads by droplet, contact, fomites

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28
Q

rotavirus

A
  • causes rotavirus

- spread fecal-oral

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29
Q

rubella

A
  • causes german measles

- spread airborne, droplet

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30
Q

varicella-zoster

A
  • causes chickenpox, shingles

- spread by airborne, droplet, contact with blister fluid

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31
Q

variola major

A
  • causes smallpox

- spread by contact and fomites

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32
Q

ascaris lumbricoides

A
  • causes roundworm

- contact with contaminated soil

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33
Q

cimex parasites

A
  • bed bugs

- spread by contact with infested bedding or furniture

34
Q

diphyllobothrium latum

A
  • tapeworm

- spread by foodborne (raw, infected fish)

35
Q

enterobius vemiculais

A
  • pinworms

- spread fecal-oral

36
Q

pediculus humanus capitis

A
  • pediculosis (head lice)

- spread by contact with infested hair

37
Q

phthirus pubis

A
  • pubic lice (Crabs)

- spread by contact with infested pubic hair

38
Q

sarcoptes scabiei

A
  • scabies

- spread by contact

39
Q

aspergillus fumigatus

A
  • aspergillosis
  • spread airborne
  • fungus
40
Q

candida albicans

A
  • candidiasis (thrush, vaginal yeast infection)
  • spread by overgrowth of normal flora not usually sexual
  • fungus
41
Q

cryptococcus neoformans

A
  • cryptococcosis
  • spread by contact with poultry droppings
  • fungus
42
Q

trichophyton rubrum, trichophyton tonsurans (dermatophytes)

A
  • ringworm
  • spread by contact
  • fungus
43
Q

histoplasma capsulatum

A
  • histoplasmosis
  • spread airborne
  • fungus
44
Q

pneumocystis jirovecii, pneumocystis carinii

A
  • pneumocystis pneumonia

- spread by airborne

45
Q

entamoeba histolytica

A
  • amebiasis
  • spread fecal oral
  • protozoa
46
Q

giardia intestinalis (giardia lamblia)

A
  • giardiasis
  • spread fecal oral
  • protozoa
47
Q

plasmodium parasites

A
  • malaria
  • spread by vector (mosquito)
  • protozoa
48
Q

toxoplasma gondii

A
  • toxoplasmosis

- spread by foodborne, vector (animal), transplacental (pregnant patient to fetus)

49
Q

trichinella spiralis

A
  • trichinosis
  • spread by foodborne (undercooked pork)
  • protozoa
50
Q

trichomonas vaginalis

A
  • trichomoniasis
  • spread sexually
  • protozoa
51
Q

bacillus anthracis

A
  • causes anthrax

- spread by vector, contact with or eating undercooked meat from infected animals, spore inhalation

52
Q

bordetella pertussis

A
  • causes whooping cough
  • spread airborne
  • bacteria
53
Q

borrelia burgdorferi

A
  • causes lyme disease
  • spread by vector (tick)
  • bacteria
54
Q

camplyobacter jejuni

A
  • causes food poisoning
  • spread by contaminated food and fluids
  • bacteria
55
Q

chlamydia trachomatis

A
  • causes chlamydia
  • spread sexually
  • bacteria
56
Q

clostridium botulinum

A
  • causes botulism
  • spread foodborne
  • bacteria
57
Q

clostridium difficile

A
  • causes colitis

- spread fecal oral

58
Q

clostridium perfringens

A
  • causes gas gangrene
  • spread by contact with wounds
  • bacteria
59
Q

clostridium tetani

A
  • causes tetanus
  • spread by contact through a deep cut
  • bacteria
60
Q

corynebacterium diphtheriae

A
  • causes diphtheria
  • spread through droplet
  • bacteria
61
Q

escherichia coli

A
  • causes diarrhea
  • spread foodborne
  • bacteria
62
Q

group B streptococcus

A
  • causes meningitis
  • spread through droplet
  • bacteria
63
Q

haemophilus influenzae

A
  • causes pneumonia, epiglottitis meningitis

- spread by droplet

64
Q

helicobacter pylori

A
  • causes peptic ulcer disease

- spread by fecal oral, oral anal etc.

65
Q

legionella pneumophila

A
  • causes legionnaires disease
  • spread by water aerosol
  • bacteria
66
Q

listeria monocytogenes

A
  • causes meningitis
  • spread by droplet
  • bacteria
67
Q

mycobacterium leprae

A
  • causes leprosy
  • spread by airborne, droplet
  • bacteria
68
Q

mycobacterium tuberculosis

A
  • causes tuberculosis

- spread by airborne, droplet

69
Q

mycoplasma pneumoniae

A
  • causes pneumonia
  • spread by droplet
  • bacteria
70
Q

neisseria gonorrheoae

A
  • causes gonorrhea
  • spread sexually
  • bacteria
71
Q

neisseria meningitidis

A
  • causes meningitis

- spread through droplet

72
Q

pseudomonas aeruginosa

A
  • causes hot tub rash
  • spread by contaminated rash
  • bacteria
73
Q

rickettsia prowazekii

A
  • causes typhus

- spread by vector (tick)

74
Q

rickettsia rickettsii

A
  • causes rocky mountain spotted fever

- spread by vector (tick)

75
Q

shigella sonnei

A
  • causes shigellosis

- spread by fecal oral

76
Q

staphylococcus aureus

A
  • causes boils, septicemia, pneumonia

- spread by contact

77
Q

streptococcus pneumoniae

A
  • causes pneumonia
  • spread by airborne, droplet, contact
  • bacteria
78
Q

streptococcus pyogenes

A
  • causes strep throat, rheumatic fever, septicemia
  • spread by droplet
  • bacteria
79
Q

treponema pallidum

A
  • causes syphilis
  • spread sexually
  • bacteria
80
Q

vibrio cholerae

A
  • causes cholera

- spread by fecal oral, contaminated water

81
Q

yersinia pestis

A
  • causes plague

- spread by vector (fleas, rodents)

82
Q

fomites

A

-non living objects that carry pathogens

Medical Assistant (9 decks)

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