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Medical Assistant > Body Systems and Organs > Flashcards

Body Systems and Organs Flashcards

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USMLE® Step 1 flashcards
1
Q

Cranial Cavity

A
  • within the bony cranium

- houses the meninges (brain)

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2
Q

Spinal Cavity

A
  • continuation of cranial cavity

- travels down the midline of the back

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3
Q

Thoracic Cavity

A
  • within the chest

- houses the lungs, heart, and major vessels

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4
Q

Abdominal Cavity

A
  • within the abdomen

- houses several major organs

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5
Q

Pelvic Cavity

A
  • inferior the the abdominal cavity

- houses the bladder

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6
Q

upper right corner

A

right hypochondriac region

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7
Q

upper middle

A

epigastric region

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8
Q

left upper corner

A

left hypochondriac region

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9
Q

middle right

A

right lumbar region

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10
Q

middle

A

umbilical region

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11
Q

left middle

A

left lumbar region

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12
Q

bottom right

A

right iliac region

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13
Q

bottom middle

A

hypogastric region

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14
Q

left bottom

A

left iliac region

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15
Q

Integumentary

A
  • skin
  • hair follicles
  • sebaceous (oil) glands
  • fingernails and toenails
  • sudoriferous (sweat) glands
  • epidermis layer
  • dermis layer
  • subcutaneous layer
  • protection, temp regulation, excretion, sensation, vit D production
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16
Q

axial skeleton

A
  • 80 bones
  • skull, vertebrae, ribs
  • cervical, thoracic, lumbar vertebrae
  • sacrum
  • coccyx
17
Q

appendicular skeleton

A
  • 126 bones

- arms, legs, pelvic girdle

18
Q

ligament

A

attaches bone to bone for joint stability

19
Q

long bones

A
  • epiphysis, diaphysis, medullary cavity

- ends have articular cartilage

20
Q

short bones

A
  • wrists and ankles
  • small
  • round
  • carpals and tarsals
21
Q

flat bones

A

flat or slightly curve

-skull, ribs

22
Q

irregular bones

A
  • unusual shape related to its function

- vertebrae, pelvis

23
Q

sesamoid bones

A
  • small round
  • held in place by tendons
  • patella
24
Q

hematopoiesis

A
  • RBC production

- red bone marrow

25
Q

tendon

A

ends of skeletal muscle that attach to muscle to bone

26
Q

lymphatic/immune system

A
  • lymph nodes
  • lymph nodules
  • thymus
  • spleen
  • interstitial fluid
  • antibodies
  • immunoglobulins
  • B-cells
  • T-cells
  • monocytes
27
Q

naturally acquired active immunity

A

-person develops antibodies against the pathogen that caused the disease

28
Q

artificially acquired active immunity

A

-vaccination

29
Q

naturally acquired passive immunity

A

-short-lasting immunity passed from mother to child through placenta/breast milk

30
Q

artificially acquired passive immunity

A

-short-lasting immunity by giving an exposed person antibodies from a person who has previously had the disease

31
Q

cardiovascular system

A
  • heart
  • artery/arterioles
  • vein/venule
  • capillary
  • endocardium- innermost
  • myocardium
  • pericardium
32
Q

urinary system

A
  • kidneys
  • ureters
  • urinary bladder
  • urethra
33
Q

gastrointestinal system

A
  • mouth
  • pharynx
  • esophagus
  • stomach
  • small intestine- duodenum, jejunum, ileum
  • large intestine- cecum, ascending colon, transverse colon, descending colon, sigmoid colon
  • rectum
  • anus
  • liver
  • gall bladder
  • pancreas
34
Q

respiratory system

A
  • nose
  • pharynx
  • larynx
  • trachea
  • lungs
35
Q

nervous system

A
  • brain
  • spinal cord
  • peripheral nerves
  • neuron
  • dendrites
  • nucleus
  • cytoplasm
  • axon
  • two branches -> CNS and PNS
36
Q

PNS

A
  • two branches
  • somatic nervous system
  • autonomic nervous system
  • autonomic divides into sympathetic (fight or flight) and parasympathetic (rest and digest)
37
Q

endocrine system

A
  • adrenal glands
  • hypothalamus
  • ovaries
  • pancreas
  • parathyroid
  • pineal
  • pituitary gland anterior and posterior
  • testes
  • thymus
  • thyroid
38
Q

reproductive system (male)

A
  • testes
  • scrotum
  • penis
  • epididymis
  • vas deferens
  • seminal vesicles
  • prostate gland
  • bulbourethral glands (cowpers)
  • androgens
39
Q

reproduction system (female)

A
  • ovaries
  • fallopian tubes
  • uterus
  • vagina
  • labia majora
  • labia minora
  • clitoris
  • perineum
  • estrogen
  • progesterone
  • estradiol

Medical Assistant (9 decks)

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