Nutrients & Metabolism Flashcards
What are the six categories of nutrients?
- Water
- Carbs
- Lipids/fats
- Proteins
- Vitamins
- Minerals
BONUS: Oxygen!
Carbs, fats, & proteins are all ____ producing nutrients
Energy producing
Water, vitamins, & minerals are ____ producing nutrients
Hint: More so “lack of” producing
Non-energy producing
What is an essential nutrient? Define it.
Ones that an animal cannot manufacture; or cannot make fast enough to meet the body’s needs. These must be in their diet!
What are the three categories of carbs?
- Sugars: monosaccharides & disaccharides that come from fruits, sugar cane, honey, milk, & sugar beets.
- Starches: polysaccharides that come from grains, root veg, & legumes.
- Cellulose: polysaccharides that are found in most veg (these are more diff to break down).
What are the three categories of lipids (fats)?
- Neutral fats
- Phospholipids - all cell memb made of this
- Steroids
And other lipid substances
Neutral Fats:
1. Potenial energy
2. Essential
3. Liver’s function
- Contain over twice as much potential energy by weight as protein or carbs
- This is an essential fatty acid; it cannot be made in the animals body
- Liver can convert one fatty acid to another
T/F: Dogs & cats both require Linoleic (omega 6), Linolenic (omega 3), and Arachidonic acids
False! Dogs & cats only require linoleic and linolenic acids. Cats require the additional arachidonic acids but dogs do not.
What are unsaturated fats?
- One or more double bonds between the carbon atoms; not a full complement of hydrogen atoms.
- These are monounsaturated & polyunsaturated
What are TRIglycerides?
Three chains of fatty acid molecules attached to a single molecule of glycerol*
*This is also known as the glycerol back bone
What are saturated fats?
Fatty acids with single bonds between carbon atoms; full complement of hydrogen atoms
T/F: Neutral fats are stored as SQ fat and is an important insulator
True
T/F: Neutral fats are not used as cushions around vital organs like the heart, kidneys, and eyes
False! They do help cushion these organs!
Neutral acids absorb the fat soluble vitamins _____ (4)
A, D, E, & K
Steroids
1. Composed of:
2. Include __(4)___ from the cortex of the adrenal gland
- Of four flat interlocking rings of hydrocarbons
- Cholestrol, bile salts, sex hormones, & hormones released from the cortex of the adrenal gland
What is a phospholipid? Structure?
What it is:
- Modified triglycerides derived primarily from cell membranes of plant & animal cells.
Structure:
- Glycerol core & two fatty acid chains
- Phosphorous group attached to the glycerol molecule “Polar Head”
Describe the structure of a protein (3)
Composed of amino acids:
1. Amine group (-NH2)
2. Organic acid group (-COOH)
3. “R” group - variable
What are the functions of a protein? (4)
- Primary structural material of the animal body.
- Regulate body functions - enzymes & hormones.
- Transport O2 - hemoglobin.
- Aid in body movement - contractile proteins in muscle cells.