Life Stage Nutrition Flashcards
Life stage definitions
1. Neonate:
2. Juvenile:
3. Adult:
4. Senior:
5. Pregnancy & Lactation:
- Birth until weaned
- Weaned but bone growth isn’t complete
- Bone growth complete & under 1/2 lifespan
- 1/2 life span expectancy completed
- Pregnant or lactating
What is a BCS?
A system to evaluate muscle mass and fat ratio. Used as a tool for nutrition status
Lab tested vs Live tested
Lab: tested in a lab
Live: Tested on real animals. This is better because bioavailability has actually been observed, which a simple chem lab can’t do.
What are three goals/outcomes of diet quality
- Bioavailability: Meet nutrient needs of animal in useable form
- Balance of fiber to maintain normal motility & bacterial population
- Maintain/increase health (AKA, don’t create illness)
Puppies are growing machines! How much weight can they put on in the first 10 days?
Up to double their body weight! Due to their rapid growth, 1/2 of the calorie intake is for growth
Protein requirements for puppies:
___% of dry matter for ___, ___, and wound healing.
22% of protein dry matter for optimum tissue growth, immunity, and wound healing
Fat requirement for puppies:
___% of dry matter.
Essential fatty acid for puppies ___, which helps with brain and eye development
- 8% dry matter.
- DHA - helps with brain & eye development
Ideal ratio for Calcium to Phosphorus in dogs is ____.
Excess of ___ can lead to ___ abnormalities in puppies
- Ratio of Ca to P is 1.8 : 1
- Calcium excess can lead to cartilage and bone abnormalities
Other mineral deficiencies puppies are prone to (2)
Zinc and copper
Large vs small dog breeds:
Who should be fed more calories & Ca? Who should be fed less?
Large breed should be fed less calories and calcium in comparison to small breeds
Temperature affects the diet of an adult dog.
Indoor in the winter calorie increase should be ___%. Artic increase in calories should be ___%.
- 25% increase in calories
- 70-80% increase in calories
Pregnant dogs should be fed a normal amount of calories until ____ week. They should be fed on this gradual increase until it hits ___% more than normal at day ___.
- Week 5
- Until 25-50% more than normal diet
- Day 63
Pregnant dogs:
Protein increases ____% in late gestation. Calcium increases ____% in the last 63 days of gestation.
- Protein increases 40-70%
- Calcium increases 60%
During lactation:
Calorie needs are ___ times more than adult maintenance. Water needs are ____ L/day.
- Calorie: 2-4x adult maintenance needs
- Needs 4-5 L/day of water
Senior dogs: Choose increase or decrease
Need ____ calories to maintain BCS.
Need _____ protein to help with muscle loss.
- Fewer calories
- More protein, slight increase
T/F: Senior dogs may need an increase in fatty acids, vita E, & selenium
True. This is to help fight oxidation and inflammation conditions
Feeding kittens:
Should be fed ___ kcals/kg/day at 10w old.
Should be fed ___ kcals/kg/day at 10 months old.
- Fed 200 kcals/kg/day @ 10w
- Fed 80 kcals/kg/day @ 10m
Should “urinary health” diets be fed to kittens?
NO!
High acid diets will lead to K+ wasting in kidneys. This will create slow growth and poor bone mineralization.
That is why these diets shouldn’t be given to kittens!
Energy requirements for adult cats are:
Taurine - why?
3 Fatty acids - which ones?
- Taurine: Deficiency leads to heart disease & blindness
- Fatty acids
- Linoleic & Linolenic: Vita A absorption
- Arachidonic: platelet aggregation
Senior cats calorie intake should be ____. While proteins may need to be _____ or ____.
- Calories should be increased
- Proteins may needs to be increased or decreased
What is the most common form of malnutrition in cats and dogs?
Obesity!!
Obesity in dogs leads to ____ musculoskeletal, resp & cardiac, pancreatic, lower urinary tract disease. It can also ____ quality of life.
- Increase the likelihood of said diseases
- Decrease quality of life
Obesity in cats can lead to ____ risk for diabetes, hepatic lipidosis, urethral obstruction (males), & osteoarthritis.
Increased risk in said diseases
T/F: An all meat diet in a kitten will lead to osteitis
True!
This is due to the all meat diet not containing enough Ca+ for the kittens. Osteitis is very painful!
Too much Ca+ in a kitten diet will double the need for ____
Magnesium
T/F: Kittens do not need more protein than an adult cat diet
False! Kittens need more protein than an adult cat would need in it’s diet
