Nutrient Digestion (Fats, Vitamins and Minerals) Flashcards
Almost all ingested fat is a form of
Triacylglycerol
All fat digestion takes place in ___ by ___ enzyme
The small intestine
Pancreatic lipase
Triacylglycerols
Large droplets of lipid
Insoluble in water
Lipase
Water soluble enzyme
Lipase mechanism
Turns triacylglycerol into a monoglyceride and 2 fatty acids
Where on the droplet can digestion take place
Surface (very slow for a large droplet)
Emulsification
Divide large lipid droplets into smaller droplets which gives an increased surface area and accessibility to lipase action
Emulsification requires
Mechanical disruption of droplets (by smooth muscle contraction which grinds and mixes lumenal contents) Emulsifying agent (prevents the smaller droplets reforming into larger droplets
Function of amphiphatic molecules
Coat droplets to keep them separate
Micelles
Similar to emulsion droplets but much smaller
Bile salt + monoglyceride + fatty acids + phospholipids
Micelle breakdown
Release of small amounts of free fatty acids and monoglycerides into solution which then diffuse across the plasma membrane of absorbing cells
Dynamic equilibrium of ____ and ____ in solution and in micelles
Fatty acids and monoglycerides
After entering epithelial cells, ____ and ____ enter ____ where they are reformed into ____ (by enzymes located within the sER)
Fatty acids
Monoglycerides
Smooth endoplasmic reticulum (sER)
Triacylglycerols
Chylomicrons
Extracellular fat droplets
Fat soluble vitamins
A, D, E, K
Follow same absorptive path as fat
