Nutrient Digestion (Carbohydrates and Proteins)

Question 1

Monosaccharides

Answer 1

Hexose sugars =>
Glucose
Fructose
Galactose

Question 2

Disaccharides

Answer 2

Lactose
Sucrose
Maltose

Question 3

Lactose broken down into

Answer 3

Glucose and galactose (lactase)

Question 4

Sucrose broken down into

Answer 4

Glucose and fructose (sucrase)

Question 5

Maltose broken down into

Answer 5

Glucose and glucose (maltase)

Question 6

Polysaccharides

Answer 6

Starch
Cellulose
Glycogen

Question 7

Starch

Answer 7

Alpha amylose - stright chained glucose
Amylopectin - highly branched glucose chains
Linked by alpha - 1,4 glycosidic bonds

Question 8

Amylases

Answer 8

Hydrolyses starch

Found in saliva/pancreas

Question 9

Cellulose

Answer 9

Constituent of plant cell walls
Unbranched, linear chains of glucose monomers linked by beta - 1, 4 glycosidic bonds
Vertebrates require bacteria that produce cellulase to break down dietary fibre

Question 10

Glycogen

Answer 10

Animal storage form of glucose (linked by alpha - 1, 4 glycosidic bonds)

Question 11

Transcellular pathways

Answer 11

Through cells

Question 12

Paracellular pathways

Answer 12

Across cells

Question 13

Glucose transport across apical membrane from lumen

Answer 13

SGLT1 transporter with sodium

Question 14

Glucose transport across basolateral membrane into blood stream

Answer 14

Glut-2 transporter

Na pumped across by Na/K pump

Question 15

Water into blood stream from lumen

Answer 15

Through a tight junction by osmosis

Question 16

Fructose across apical membrane from lumen

Answer 16

Glut-5 transporter

Question 17

Fructose across basolateral membrane into bloodstream

Answer 17

Glut-2 transporter

Question 18

Enzymes responsible for hydrolysis of peptide bonds

Answer 18

REDUCED TO AMINO ACIDS

Proteases or peptidases

Question 19

Amino acid across apical membrane from lumen

Answer 19

SAAT1 transporter with sodium