Nutrient Digestion 1 & 2

Question 1

Which sugars are classed as monosaccharides?

Answer 1

Glucose, galactose and fructose

Question 2

What are disaccharides?

Answer 2

Two monosaccharides linked together by a glycosidic bond

Question 3

What transported does glucose use to cross the cell membrane into the epithelial cell?

Answer 3

SGLT1

Question 4

What ion is need to couple glucose to the transporter into the cell?

Answer 4

Na

Question 5

What transporter removes glucose from the epithelial cell and into the bloodstream?

Answer 5

GLUT-2

Question 6

What transporter does fructose use to enter the epithelial cell?

Answer 6

GLUT-5

Question 7

What transporter does fructose use to leave the epithelial cell?

Answer 7

GLUT-2

Question 8

What is a peptide?

Answer 8

A small protein, 3-10 amino acids in length

Question 9

What is the name for enzymes that hydrolyse peptide bonds?

Answer 9

Proteases/Peptidases

Question 10

What is the name given to transporters that move amino acids across the cell membrane?

Answer 10

SAAT1

Question 11

What transporter moves dipeptides into the epithelial cells?

Answer 11

PepT1

Question 12

What form is most ingested fat in?

Answer 12

Triacylglycerol

Question 13

Where is fat digested and by which enzyme?

Answer 13

In the small intestine by pancreatic lipase

Question 14

What is emulsification?

Answer 14

Dividing large lipid droplets into smaller droplets

Question 15

What does emulsification require?

Answer 15

Mechanical disruption and an emulsifying agent

Question 16

What emulsifying agents does the digestive system use to divide large lipid molecules into smaller ones?

Answer 16

Bile salts and phospholipids (secreted in bile)

Question 17

What components make up a micelle?

Answer 17

Bile salt, monoglycerides, fatty acids and phospholipids

Question 18

What happens to the fatty acids and monoglycerides after they enter the epithelial cells?

Answer 18

They enter the smooth endoplasmic reticulum where they are turned back into triacylglycerols and coated with amphiphatic protein. They are then transported through the cell in vesicles

Question 19

Which vitamins are fat soluble?

Answer 19

ADEK

Question 20

Which vitamins are water soluble and how are they absorbed?

Answer 20

B group, C and folic acid - absorbed by passive diffusion or carrier-mediated transport

Question 21

How is B12 absorbed?

Answer 21

It is bound to an intrinsic factor in the stomach and is absorbed in the distal ileum

Question 22

How is Iron transported across the membrane?

Answer 22

Via DMT1

Question 23

How is iron bound in the cell?

Answer 23

It is bound into ferritin

Question 24

How is iron bound in blood?

Answer 24

It crosses the serosal membrane and is bound as transferrin