Brainscape's Knowledge GenomeTM

Browse over 1 million classes created by top students, professors, publishers, and experts.


See full index

Gastrointestinal > Anatomy of the GI Part 2 > Flashcards

Anatomy of the GI Part 2 Flashcards

1
Q

What is the vertebral level of the oesophageal hiatus?

A

T10

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
2
Q

What structures go through the oesophageal opening?

A

Oesophagus, vagus nerve,left inferior phrenic vessels and the oesophageal arteries (from the left gastric arteries)

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
3
Q

What are the two orifices of the stomach?

A

Cardiac opening and pyloric opening

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
4
Q

What are the two curvatures of the stomach?

A

Greater and lesser curvatures

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
5
Q

What are the two surfaces of the stomach?

A

Anterior and posterior

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
6
Q

What is the pyloric sphincter?

A

A thickened ring of muscles

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
7
Q

What is the function of the pyloric sphincter?

A

To control movement of contents from the stomach to the duodenum

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
8
Q

What are the rugae formed from?

A

The mucosal layer of the stomach

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
9
Q

In which parts of the stomach are the rugae most apparent?

A

Body and antrum

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
10
Q

What structures form the stomach bed (posterior wall of the lesser sac)

A

Left dome of the diaphragm, pancreas, spleen, L. kidney, L. adrenal gland, colon, mesocolon and splenic artery

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
11
Q

What is the effect of increased vagal stimulation on the pylorus?

A

It stimulates opening of the pylorus (relaxation)

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
12
Q

Which group of lymph nodes will the 4 primary nodes eventually drain into?

A

Coeliac group

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
13
Q

What is the effect of increased vagal stimulation on gastric secretion?

A

Stimulation of watery secretion

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
14
Q

What are the three parts of the small intestine?

A

Duodenum, jejunum and Ileum

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
15
Q

Which part of the small intestine receives the opening of the bile and pancreatic duct?

A

Duodenum (2nd part)

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
16
Q

How is the duodenum peritonised?

A

Retroperitoneal

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
17
Q

How is the jejunum peritonised?

A

Intraperitoneal

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
18
Q

How is the ileum peritonised?

A

Intraperitoneal

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
19
Q

What are the characteristics of the jejunum?

A

Deep red in colour, thick/heavy wall, greater vascularity, long vasa recta, large loops of arcades, little fat in the mesentery and large/tall circular folds

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
20
Q

What are the characteristics of the ileum?

A

Pale pink, thin/light wall, little vascularity, short vasa recta, short loops of arcades, more fat in the mesentery and no circular folds

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
21
Q

Which part of the autonomic nervous system stimulates the reduction of secretions and motility of the intestine and acts as a vasoconstrictor?

A

Sympathetic

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
22
Q

How is the large intestine structure different to the small intestine?

A

Shorter/wider, no circular folds, microvilli and bands of muscle

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
23
Q

How is the caecum peritonised?

A

Intraperitoneal

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
24
Q

How is the ascending colon peritonised?

A

Retroperitoneal

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
25
Q

How is the transverse colon peritonised?

A

Retroperitoneal

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
26
Q

How is the descending colon peritonised?

A

Retroperitoneal

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
27
Q

How is the sigmoid colon peritonised?

A

Intraperitoneal

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
28
Q

In which abdominal region is the caecum and appendix located?

A

Right Iliac fossa

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
29
Q

What is McBurney’s point?

A

1/3 of the distance from the anterior superior iliac sine to the umbilicus - most tender point in appendicitis as it is the common location of the base of the appendix

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
30
Q

What is the role of the pelvic floor in maintaining faecal continence?

A

The muscles surround the anal canal and maintain tone keeping it closed

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
31
Q

What other structures (besides the pelvic floor) are involved in faecal continence?

A

Internal and external sphincter

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
32
Q

Which omentum are the hepatoduodenal and hepatogastric ligaments a part of?

A

Lesser omentum

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
33
Q

What is the falciform ligament?

A

Ligament that attaches the liver to the anterior wall and separates the right and left lobes

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
34
Q

What structure in the free edge of the falciform ligament is a remnant of an embryonic blood vessel?

A

Round ligament - umbilical vein

35
Q

How many layers of peritoneum are present in the greater omentum?

A

Four

36
Q

What function gives the greater omentum the name of abdominal policeman

A

It surrounds any inflamed/infected parts of the abdomen and prevents it spreading

37
Q

What are the paracolic gutters?

A

Channels that run between the colon and abdominal walls

38
Q

Where are the paracolic gutters located in relation to the large intestine?

A

Posterior to the large intestine alongside the ascending and descending colon

39
Q

What is the clinical significance of the paracolic gutters?

A

They allow the accumulation and passage of infectious fluids between compartments

40
Q

Name three abdominal viscera which lie in the free edge of the mesentery?

A

Small intestine (jejunum/ileum), large intestine (transverse/sigmoid) and mesoappendix

41
Q

What muscle types form the muscularis externa of the oesophagus?

A

Upper 1/3 is skeletal

Lower 2/3 is smooth muscle

42
Q

What kind of epithelium lines the oesophagus?

A

Non-keratinised stratified squamous epithelium

43
Q

What type of muscle is the muscularis mucosae?

A

Smooth muscle

44
Q

What are the layers of the oesophagus?

A

Mucosa, lamina propria, muscularis mucosae and muscularis externa

45
Q

Which secretory cells are present in the gastric pits?

A 
Chief cells (pepsinogen) and parietal cells (HCl and intrinsic factor)
Goblet cells
46
Q

What are the large folds that extend into the lumen of the small intestine?

A

Plicae

47
Q

What are the finger like projections found in the small intestine called?

A

Villae

48
Q

What type of epithelium lines the small intestine?

A

Simple columnar epithelium

49
Q

What type of muscle is the muscularis mucosae of the small intestine?

A

Smooth muscle

50
Q

What are the layers of the small intestine?

A

Surface epithelium,submucosa (lamina propria and muscularis mucosae) and muscularis externa

51
Q

In which parts of the gut do the glands extend down beyond the muscularis mucosae?

A

Oesophagus and duodenum

52
Q

What is the function of goblet cells?

A

Secretion of mucous

53
Q

What is the transpyloric plane?

A

Transverse line 1/2 between the jugular notch and the upper border of the pubic symphysis

54
Q

How do you locate the transpyloric plane on a patient?

A

Hand’s breadth below the xiphoid process

55
Q

Which structures are present on the transpyloric plane?

A

Pylorus of the stomach, stomach, duodenum, pancreas, gallbladder and kidneys

56
Q

How is the spleen peritonised?

A

Intraperitoneal

57
Q

In which region of the abdominal cavity is the spleen located?

A

Left hypochondriac

58
Q

Does the spleen move with respiration?

A

Yes

59
Q

Name the structures in the hilum of the spleen

A

Splenic artery, splenic vein and gastrosplenic ligament

60
Q

The tail of which organ is closely related to the hilum of the spleen?

A

Pancreas

61
Q

What are the functions of the spleen?

A

Stores WBCs, recycles RBCs, haematopoiesis and phagocytosis

62
Q

Is the pancreas an exocrine or endocrine gland?

A

Both

63
Q

How is the pancreas related to the duodenum?

A

It is located in the curve of the duodenum

64
Q

How is the pancreas peritonised?

A

Retroperitoneal

65
Q

Which vein is formed posterior to the neck of the pancreas?

A

Hepatic portal vein

66
Q

Into which part of the duodenum does the pancreatic duct open?

A

Duodenal papilla (2/3 of the duodenum)

67
Q

What is the bare area of the liver bare of?

A

Peritoneum

68
Q

Name 3 structures present in the porta hepatis?

A

R/L hepatic ducts, L/R hepatic arteries and portal vein

69
Q

What fold of peritoneum is wrapped around the structures present in the porta hepatis?

A

Falciform ligament (visceral)

70
Q

What structures are part of the extrahepatic biliary apparatus?

A

Hepatic ducts, common hepatic ducts, gallbladder, cystic duct and common bile duct

71
Q

Where is bile stored?

A

Gallbladder

72
Q

Where does bile enter the gut tube?

A

Duodenum

73
Q

What is the function of bile?

A

Digestion and absorption of fat and fat soluble vitamins

74
Q

What is Calot’s cystohepatic triangle?

A

Triangular space formed by the cystic duct, common hepatic duct and inferior surface - contains the cystic artery

75
Q

What are the main histological features of the pancreas?

A

Islets of Langerhans, pure serous acini and small lobules surrounded by connective tissue septa

76
Q

What are the main histological features of the liver?

A

Cells are arranged in sheets converging towards the centre and portal areas which contain the blood vessels and ducts

77
Q

What are the two main parts of the spleen?

A

Red pulp and white pulp

78
Q

What is the main content of the white pulp in the spleen?

A

Lymphocytes and macrophages

79
Q

What is the main content of the red pulp in the spleen?

A

Vascular anastomoses and cords of cells

80
Q

Which costal cartilage is the surface marking of the gallbladder?

A

9

81
Q

Does the liver move with respiration?

A

Yes

82
Q

Which ribs are related to the spleen?

A

9, 10 and 11 - midaxillary

83
Q

Which abdominal plane crosses the pancreas and what part of the pancreas does it go through?

A

Transpyloric through the neck of the pancreas

Gastrointestinal (23 decks)

Brainscape helps you reach your goals faster, through stronger study habits.
© 2024 Bold Learning Solutions. Terms and Conditions