Nurtured Bases of Motivation

Question 1

Acquired Needs Theory (David McClelland)

Answer 1

Motivation changes, developed through external factors, experiences, and environmental conditions

Needs are developed through life experiences

Motivated by:
1. Need for Achievement
2. Need for Fairness
3. Need for Power
4. Need for Affiliation

Question 2

Theory of Motivation (Edward L. Deci, Richard M. Ryan) and

Answer 2

Intrinsic motivation - internal desire to achieve a goal
Extrinsic motivation - desire to receive a reward or avoid punishment

Question 3

Reinforcement Theory

Answer 3

Using outcomes or consequences to change behavior and promote learning

Positive Reinforcement - positive behavior with positive consequences
Negative Reinforcement - positive behavior with removal of negative consequences
Punishment - negative behavior with negative consequences
Extinction - negative behavior with removal of positive consequences

Behaviors with positive consequences tend to be repeated
Behaviors with negative consequences tend to be avoided

Question 4

Need for Achievement

Answer 4

Goal-Setting Theory - Appropriate uses of goals can increase performance

Goals must be SMART
More commitment towards goal = more motivation to accomplish it

Question 5

Need for Fairness

Answer 5

Desires for equity based on Equity Theory (J. Stacy Adams)

Equity Theory: balance of inputs (education, experience) to outcomes (pay, recognition)

Question 6

Need for Power

Answer 6

Desires for power, motivating people to work hard to acquire power

Legitimate Power - power obtained based on position in the organization
Coercive Power - power based on fear/issue punishments
Reward Power - power that has ability to distribute rewards
Expert Power - power based on skills or knowledge
Referent Power - power based on personal traits or desirable resources

Question 7

Need for Affiliation

Answer 7

Desire to feel a sense of belonging or involvement within a social group