Natural Bases of Motivation

Question 1

Personality

Answer 1

Unique and relatively stable patterns of behavior, thought, and emotion rooted in an individual’s biological characteristics.

Question 2

Big Five Personalities

Answer 2

1. Extraversion: Outgoing, sociable
2. Agreeableness: Kindness, compassion
3. Conscientiousness: Organization, responsibility
4. Openness to Experience: Willingness to embrace new ideas
5. Emotional Stability: How one manages emotions and stress

Question 3

William Ouchi’s Theory Z

Answer 3

People like to be members of groups and work productively if these groups are stable

Question 4

Innate Needs - Hierarchy of Needs

Answer 4

Abraham Maslow’s theory suggesting a hierarchy of needs: physiological, safety, love and belongingness, self-esteem, and self-actualization.

Question 5

ERG Theory (Clayton Alderfer)

Answer 5

Grouping the hierarchy of needs into existence, relatedness and growth needs

Self-actualization - Growth
Self-Esteem - Growth and relatedness
Social - Relatedness
Safety - Existence
Psychological - Existence

Already satisfied needs become active when higher needs cannot be met.

Question 6

Fredrick Herzberg’s Two-Factor Theory

Answer 6

Two factors that improve job satisfaction and dissatisfaction:

Hygiene (working conditions, pay) - reduces dissatisfaction
Motivator (interesting work, autonomy) - increase satisfaction

Question 7

Job Characteristics Model

Answer 7

Job design affects motivation, performance, and satisfaction of an employee