Nursing Theories and Theorists

Question 1

Considered the first nursing theorist and earned the title “Nursing with a Lamp” because of her Environmental Theory

Answer 1

FLORENCE NIGHTINGALE

Question 2

The Nature of Nursing Model

Conceptualizes the nurse’s role as assisting sick or healthy individuals to gain independence in meeting the 14 Fundamental Needs

Answer 2

VIRGINIA HENDERSON

Question 3

• Patient-Centered Approaches to Nursing Model
• Identifies 21 nursing problems
• Defines nursing as a service to individuals and families
• Conceptualizes nursing as an art and science that molds the attitudes, intellectual competencies and technical skills of the individual nurse into the desire and ability to help people, sick or well and cope with their needs

Answer 3

FAYE GLENN ABDELLAH

Question 4

• Behavioral System Model

* Each person as a behavioral system is composed of 7 subsystem

Answer 4

DOROTHY E. JOHNSON

Question 5

• Goal Attainment Theory
• Viewed nursing as an interaction process between patient and nurse that lead to goal attainment
• Patient has 3 interacting system

Answer 5

IMOGENE KING

Question 6

• Transcultural Nursing Model (Cultural Care Diversity and Universality Theory)
• Emphasizes that human caring, although universal, varies among cultures in its expressions, process and
patterns; it is largely culturally derived
• Presents 3 intervention modes:

Answer 6

MADELEINE LEININGER

Question 7

• Four Conservation Principles

* Proposed principles which are concerned with the unity and integrity of the individuals

Answer 7

MYRA ESTRIN LEVINE

Question 8

• Health Care System Model
• Asserted that nursing is unique profession in that is concerned with all the variables affecting the individuals
response to stress, which are intrapersonal stressors (within the individual), interpersonal (occurs between
individuals ) and extra personal (outside the person) in the nature
• Nursing interventions focus on retaining or maintaining system stability

Answer 8

BETTY NEUMAN

Question 9

• Self-care and Self-care deficit Nursing Theory
• Defines self-care as performing activities independently by individual throughout life to promote and maintain
personal well being
• Identifies 3 types of nursing system

Answer 9

DOROTHEA OREM

Question 10

• Psychodynamic (interpersonal relations) Model
• Use of therapeutic relationship between nurse and the client
• 4 phases:

Answer 10

HILDEGARD PEPLAU

Question 11

• Science of Unitary Human Being

* Views the person as an irreducible whole, the whole being is greater than the sum of its parts

Answer 11

MARTHA ROGERS

Question 12

• Adaptation Model
• Defines adaptation as the process and outcome whereby the thinking and feeling person uses conscious
awareness and choice to create human and environmental integration
• Goal of model is to enhance life processes through adaptation in four adaptive modes

Answer 12

SISTER CALLISTA ROY

Question 13

Care, Core and Cure Model

Answer 13

LYDIA HALL

Question 14

• The Dynamic Nurse-Patient Relationship Model
• Nurses provide direct assistance to meet an immediate need for help in order to avoid or to alleviate distress
or helplessness

Answer 14

IDA JEAN ORLANDO

Question 15

• Human Caring Theory
• Practice of caring is central to nursing: it is the unifying focus for practice
• 10 curative factors

Answer 15

JEAN WATSON

Question 16

• Human Becoming Theory

* Proposed 3 assumptions about human becoming

Answer 16

ROSEMARIE RIZZO PARSE