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Nursing 3 > Nursing 1 test flashcards > Flashcards

Nursing 1 test flashcards

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1
Q

What is a nuclear family?

A

child lives with biological family

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2
Q

What is an extended family?

A

couples share household and childrearing responsibilities with parents, siblings and others

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3
Q

Acculturation

A

modifying one’s culture to fit within the new or dominant culture ex: Japanese people dressing up in western clothing still keeps it’s cultural values)
-able to keep their original culture to some degree

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4
Q

Assimilation

A

adopting and incorporating traits of the new culture within one’s practice. Forget one’s original culture and adopt a new culture completely

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5
Q

Who believes in curandero and what is it?

A 
Mexican americans
holistic healer
	Uses herbs
	Laying of the hands
	Massaging the afflicted area
	Wearing amulates
	Cleansing body
	Candle with a prayer
	Calling the spirits
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6
Q

Who believes in espiritistas and what are they?

A

Puerto Rican

a healer who communicates with spirits for the physical and emotional development of the client

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7
Q

Who believes in shamans?

A

Native Americans

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8
Q

Which two cultures has a large family size?

A

Amish and Appalachians

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9
Q

What culture where the child’s character is considered a reflection of the family’s influences?

A

Arab

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10
Q

Which culture lavishes resources on their children and where males are valued more than females?

A

Chinese American

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11
Q

Which culture does not encourage their children to leave the home?

A

Mexican American

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12
Q

Which culture allows children to make decisions about their care?

A

Navajo Indian

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13
Q

What are the 2 parts in the menstrual cycle?

A

uterine cycle and ovarian cycle

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14
Q

What are the 4 phases in the uterine cycle?

A

menstrual, proliferation, secreting and ischemic

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15
Q

What occurs in the menstrual phase? What days does it occur?

A

estrogen gets low and endometrial area shed

-day 1 to 6

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16
Q

What is the proliferation phase? What days does it occur?

A

endometrial gland is:

  • enlarged because of an increase in estrogen
  • endometrial tissue increases and blood vessels are prominent
  • cervical mucosa thins and become alkaline
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17
Q

What is secreting phase and what days does it occur?

A

o Stage 3: Secreting Phase day 15 to 26
 The endometrium and estrogenic influence undergo cellular growth
 Progesterone warps the growth into folds
 The glandular epithelial cells fill in the cellular debris
 The glands secrete small amounts of fluid to prepare to fertilize the ovum
 The vascularity of the uterus increases greatly to provide nourishment
 If implantation occurs (sperm enters) the endothelium under the influence of progesterone thickens

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18
Q

What is ischemic phase and what days does it occur?

A

 Both estrogen and progesterone levels drop. Spiral arteries undergo vasoconstriction. Endometrium becomes pale, blood vessels rupture. Blood escapes into uterine stromal cells, gets ready to be shed.
o **If fertilization occurs, menstrual phase (day 27-28) begins

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19
Q

What phases occur in the ovarian cycle and what occurs during that time?

A

 Follicle Phase: day 1-14 (Corresponds with the menstrual and proliferation phase)
• Primordial follicle matures under influence of FSH and LH up to the time of ovulation
 Luteal Phase: day 15 to 28 (corresponds with the secretory phase)
• Ovum leaves follicle; corpus luteum develops under LH influence and produces high level of progesterone and low levels of estrogen

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20
Q

How long are you considered an embryo?

A

From day 15th to approximately 8 weeks after conception

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21
Q

How long are you considered a fetus?

A

9th weeek till full term

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22
Q

What happens in the fetal stage at 9-12 weeks?

A

o C-R (crown to rump) is 5 cm (end of 9 wks.)
o At 12 weeks, 8cm
o Fetus can move fingers and create a tiny fist
o Eyelids close
o Kidneys begin to produce urine
o RBC made mostly by liver
o Heart rate can be examined (120-160 bpm)
o Sucking reflexes observed

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23
Q

What happens in the fetal stage at 13 to 16 weeks

A

o C to R is 9 cm
o Active movement is present
o Fetus exercises arms and legs by stretching
o Sweat glands develop
o Sucking motion observed when swallowing the amniotic fluid
o Skeletal ossification is clearly identified
o Meconium made (stool/ poop)
o Liver and pancreas begin to work
o 16 weeks: baby’s sex can be seen

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24
Q

What happens in the fetal stage at 20wks?

A

o C to R is 19 cm
o Fine hair begins to develop
o Nipples appear
o Mother feels fetal movement known as quickening
o Fetal heart audible through a fetoscope

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25
Q

What happens in the fetal stage at 24wks

A

o 23 cm for C to R
o Long head of hair, eyelashes and eyebrows formed
o Fetus has a hand grip
o Fingerprints and footprints are formed
o Alveoli beginning to form
o Vernix caseosa (protective cheese like fatty substance secreted by the sebaceous gland) covers entire fetal body
 Used to lubricate skin to prevent it from becoming dry

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26
Q

What happens in the fetal stage at 25-28 wks

A 
o	Brain develops rapidly
o	Eyelids open and close
o	Nails have formed
o	If male, testes begin to descend
o	Lungs able to provide gas exchange
o	C to R is 27 cm 
o	Nervous system is complete enough to regulations of body function
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27
Q

What happens at 29-32 weeks

A 
o	Pupillary light reflex is present
o	C to R is 31cm
o	Bones fully developed
o	Fetus begins to store iron, calcium and phosphorous
o	Nails reach the end of the fingertips
28
Q

What happens at 35-36 weeks

A 
o	Pupillary light reflex is present
o	C to R is 31cm
o	Bones fully developed
o	Fetus begins to store iron, calcium and phosphorous
o	Nails reach the end of the fingertips
29
Q

What happens at 38-40 weeks

A

o Body plump with good skin turgor
o The head is generally pointed downwards as well as flexed
o After 5 months, patterns in feeding, sleeping, and activity become established

30
Q

What is another term for increase salivation?

A

ptyalism

31
Q

WHat test can detect down syndrome in babies?

A

Alpha Fetoprotein

32
Q

WHen should you perform an amniocentesis and what is it?

A

15-20 weeks because there is plenty during this time

used to assess fetal maturity

33
Q

What test is used to see if amniotic fluid is leaking?

A

Fern Test; instruct patient to cough to see if there is a leakage in teh uterus

34
Q

What test is used to determine if there will need to perform a preterm birth?

A

FIbronectin Test

35
Q

What does a negative nonstress test mean?

A

baby’;s well being is normal; nonstress test tests the fuinction of the placenta

36
Q

What does a positive nonstress test mean?

A

accelerations are less than 15bpm; nonstress test tests the fuinction of the placenta

37
Q

What is a contraction stress test

A

uterus is stimulated with pitocin to assess contraction;

tests ability to tolerate labor

38
Q

What is a negative contraction stress test?

A

normal and there is no late decelerations

39
Q

What is a positive contraction stress test?

A

abnormal and it means there is a late deceleration

40
Q

What is VEAL CHOP

A 
V-Variable
E-Early
A-Accelerations
L-Late
C-Cord Compression
H-Head Compression
O-Okay
P-Placental Insufficiency
41
Q

What happens to the mother in the first trimester?

A 
o	Fatigue
o	Tender breasts
o	Food cravings
o	N/V
o	Mood swings
o	Frequent urination
42
Q

What happens to the mother in the second trimester?

A 
o	Swelling of legs/ cramping
o	Aching of lower back
o	Hemorrhoids and varicose veins
o	Heart burn
o	constipation
43
Q

What happens to the mother in the third trimester?

A 
o	Stretch marks
o	Leaky beasts
o	Irregular contractions (Braxton-hicks)
o	Vivid dreams 
o	Dyspnea 
o	Nose bleeds
44
Q

How much weight does the mother gain in each trimester?

A

-On a trimester basis in a woman with normal pre-pregnancy weight: First trimester: 1-4.5 pounds. Second trimester: 1-2 pounds per week. Third trimester: 1-2 pounds per week

45
Q

What is GTPAL

A
  • G gravidity= number of pregnancies
  • T term births= the number born longer than 37 weeks gestation
  • P preterm births= the number of births after 20 weeks and less than 37 weeks gestation whether living or stillborn
  • A abortion or miscarriage before 20 weeks
  • L living children
46
Q

WHat is nagele’s rule?

A
  • First day of last menstrual period: September 12, 2014
  • Subtract 3 months: June 12 3014
  • Add 7 days: June 19, 2014
  • Add one year: June 19, 2015 (estimated delivery)
47
Q

What are positive signs of pregnancy?

A
  • Fetal heart rate
  • Active fetal movements palpable by examiner
  • Outline of fetus via radiography or ultrasonography
48
Q

What is probable signs of pregnancy?

A 
Goodell sign
Chadwick sign
Hegar sign
Mcdonald sign
Enlargement of the abdomen
Braxton hicks contractions
Uterine souffle
Changes in pigmentation of skin.
Ballottement
Pregnancy test
49
Q

What are presumptive signs of preganncy?

A 
N/V
Amenorrhea
Breast tenderness
Fatigue
Urinary frequency
Quickening
50
Q

What is the first stage of labor?

A

latent (0-3), active(4-7), transitional (8-10 which is full dilation)

51
Q

What is the second stage of labor?

A

pushing stage
mechanism of labor
o Mechanisms of labor are used (engagement, descent, flexion, internal rotation, extension, restitution, external rotation, expulsion

52
Q

WHat is the third stage of labor?

A

Placental stage: delivering the placenta

53
Q

What is the 4th stage of labor?

A
  • Maternal Homeostatic Stabilization
54
Q

What is 1st degreee perineal laceration?

A

tear of the perineal skin and the vaginal epithelium

55
Q

What is 2nd degree perineal laceration?

A

laceration involves the perineal skin, vaginal mucus membrane, underlying fascia, and muscles of the perineal body; it may extend upward on one or both sides of the vagina

56
Q

What is 3rd degree perineal laceration?

A

laceration extends through the perineal skin, vaginal mucus membranes, and perineal body and involves the anal sphincter; it may extend up the anterior wall of rectum

57
Q

What is 4th degreee perineal laceration?

A

laceration is the same as third degree but extends through the rectal mucosa to the lumen of the rectum, it may be called a third degree laceration with a rectal wall extension

58
Q

WHat does REEDA stand for and what is it used for

A 
episiomtomy assessment:
•	R- redness
•	E- edema
•	E-ecchymosis (bruise)
•	D- discharge
•	A- approximation
59
Q

What does BUBBLEHEAD stand for?

A
  • B-breasts
  • U-uterus
  • B-bladder
  • B-bowels
  • L-Lochia
  • E-Episiotomy
  • H-Homan’s sign
  • E-Emotional status
  • D-Diastasis Recti (abdomen ripped)
60
Q

What is lochia rubra?

A
  • Dark red
  • Occurs for the first 2-3 days and contains epithelial cells, erythrocytes, leukocytes, shreds of decidua, and occasionally fetal meconium, lanugo, and vernix caseosa
  • Small clots ( no larger than a nickel) are common
61
Q

What is lochia serosa?

A
  • Pinkish color
  • Day 3 until day 10
  • Composed of serous exudate, shreds of degenerating decidua, erythrocytes, leukocytes, cervical mucus, and numerous microorganisms
62
Q

What is lochia alba

A
  • Creamy or yellowish discharge
  • 1-2weeks
  • Composed of leukocytes, decidual cells, epithelial cells, fat, cervical mucus, cholesterol crystals, and bacteria.
63
Q

How would you inhibit breastmilk from appearing? (5)

A

o Woman begins wearing a supportive bra 6 hours after birth
o Bra is worn continuously until lactation is suppressed (about 5 to 7 days) and is removed only for showers
o Ice packs should be applied on the arm pits 20 minutes four times a day
o Avoid stimulation of her breasts by her baby, herself, breast pumps or sexual partner until the feeling of fullness is gone (5 to 7 days)
o Avoid heat on the nipples and make sure to let shower flow over back instead of breasts

64
Q

What is convection?

A

 Losing heat caused by cooler air currents

65
Q

What is radiation?

A

 Loss of heat because of the transfer of heat to a cooler surface not in direct contact with the neonate

66
Q

What is evaporation?

A

 Loss of heat caused by water turning into vapor

67
Q

What is conduction?

A

 Loss of heat to a cooler surface that is in direct contact with the neonate

Nursing 3 (15 decks)

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