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NURS 331 Flashcards

1
Q

five steps of nursing process

A

assessment, nursing diagnosis, planning (goals and outcome criteria), implementation, evaluation

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2
Q

objective data

A

student nurse observation and physical assessment. medication record, lab tests, diagnosis tests and trends, patient safety, vital signs

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3
Q

subjective data

A

patient reported or other reliable source

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4
Q

holistic assessment

A

individual as a whole

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5
Q

creating nursing diagnosis

A

identify problem, define characteristics, list signs and symptoms

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6
Q

9 Rights of nursing

A

right drug, right dose, right time, right route, right patient, right documentation, right reason, right response, right to refuse

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7
Q

drugs have both

A

therapeutic and adverse actions

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8
Q

drug

A

any substance used in the diagnosis, cure, treatment, or prevention of a disease or condition

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9
Q

generic name

A

standard name, not capitalized

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10
Q

trade name

A

manufactures name, capitalized

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11
Q

pharmacologic

A

structure Ex: nitrates or benzodiazepine

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12
Q

therapeutic

A

beneficial use Ex: vasodilator or anxiolytic

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13
Q

pharmacodynamics

A

study of what the drug does to the body

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14
Q

4 mechanisms of action

A

receptor, enzyme, nonselective, unknown

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15
Q

agonist drug

A

mimics natural chemical response

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16
Q

antagonist

A

blocks receptor site

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17
Q

drug receptor binding is

A

reversible, selective, and is on a grade (the more receptors filled the greater the response)

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18
Q

pharmacokinetics

A

what the body does to the drug (absorption, distribution, metabolism, excretion)

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19
Q

enteral

A

through the intestines (orals)

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20
Q

sublingual

A

under the tongue

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21
Q

ultimate outcome for medication administration

A

safety

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22
Q

buccal

A

between the gum line and cheek

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23
Q

parenteral

A

injectables (IV,IM)

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24
Q

topical

A

creams, eye drops, and transdermal patches

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25
bioavailability
amount of drug available for absorption
26
bioavailability directly into the blood
100%
27
bioavailability of sublingual
100%
28
first pass effect
drug passes through liver before reaching circulation
29
nursing considerations
sepsis, ability to safely take oral meds, food, water, antacids, gastric dumping
30
nursing consideration for IV
rapid onset, risk for infection, continuous monitoring, and compatibility issues
31
nursing considerations for IM
longer duration, risk for infection, delayed onset, nursing technique
32
drug is first distributed to areas
of high blood flow and areas of low blood flow second
33
topical
works locally
34
transdermal
works systemically
35
free drug
drug that is not bound to protein
36
most common blood protein
albumin
37
pharmacogenomics
same drug, but different response in different bodies
38
what type of drugs affect the body
unbound drugs. bound drugs are inactive
39
low albumin levels
causes more drugs in circulation which can lead to higher toxicity
40
drugs eliminated by
kidneys, lungs, liver, bowel, sweat, mammary glands
41
GFR
test used to check how well the kidneys are working. Specifically, it estimates how much blood passes through the glomeruli each minute. This gives us an idea of how fast a drug can be metabolized
42
half life determines
how often the drug is administered
43
what patients may have increased half life of a drug
hepatic or renal disease
44
peak level
highest blood level of a drug
45
trough level
lowest blood level of a drug
46
toxicity
occurs if the peak blood level of the drug is too high
47
acute therapy
short term
48
maintenance
ongoing
49
palliative
comfort or relief/end of life
50
prophylactic
antibiotics
51
contraindication
specific situation in which a drug, procedure, or surgery should not be used because it may be harmful to the person
52
supportive therapy
recovery
53
supplemental therapy
replacement
54
medication bound to albumin will be
reabsorbed
55
free drug will be
eliminated
56
polypharmacy
the simultaneous use of multiple medications
57
comorbidity
the simultaneous presence of two chronic diseases or conditions in a patient
58
prescription cascade
the process whereby the side effects of drugs are misdiagnosed as symptoms of another problem resulting in further prescriptions
59
atrophy
decrease or shrinkage in cellular size
60
assessment
objective data that includes info available through the senses Ex: what is seen, felt, heard, and smelled. lab and assessment reports subjective dat includes spoken info shared by the patient
61
nursing diagnosis
after the assessment phase the nurse analyzes data about the patient and formulates nursing diagnosis
62
planning
identification of outcomes that are patient oriented and provide time frames
63
implementation
nurse intervenes on behalf of the patient to address specific patient problems and needs
64
evaluation
monitoring if nursing outcomes are met
65
steady state
state in which the amount of drug removed via elimination is equal to the amount of drug absorbed with each dose
66
onset of action
time required for the drug to elicit a therapeutic response
67
duration of action
length of time that the drug concentration is sufficient to elicit a therapeutic response
68
orphan drug
special category of drugs that have been identify to help treat patients with rare diseases
69
idiosyncratic reaction
any abnormal or unexpected response to a medication other than a allergic reaction
70
medication reconciliation
procedure to maintain an accurate and up to date list of medications for all patients between phases of health care delivery
71
atrophy
decrease in overall cell size due to decrease in blood flow, use, hormonal stimulation, or nervous system stimulation.
72
hypertrophy
increase in the size of cells in response to increase of mechanical load. most common in kidney and heart
73
hyperplasia
increase in the amount of cells in response to injury or hormonal stimulation
74
metaplasia
cellular adaptation in which a stem cell in reprogrammed after a mature cell of the same type has been exposed to a stimulus
75
dysplasia
abnormal change in the size, shape, and distribution of mature cells. usually associated with cancer. can be reversed
76
hypoxia
common cause of cellular destruction. caused by reduction of oxygen in the air, loss of hemoglobin, reduction in the number of RBC, or dysfunction of the respiratory/cardiac systems.
77
free radical
electrically uncharged atom that is unstable because it has an unpaired electron which can form a chemical bond and result in toxic result
78
oxidative stress
damage from free radicals
79
type of free radicals formed when cells are reperfused
reactive oxygen radicals
80
carbon monoxide does what to cells
direct effect on cellular respiration and causes hypoxia by depriving cells of oxygen
81
carbon monoxides affinity for hemoglobin is ____ times that of oxygen
300 times
82
alcohol is metabolized into what in the liver
acetaldehyde which is a toxic metabolite
83
cancers associated with alcohol
neck, head, esophagus, and breast
84
folic acid is needed to
produce RBC
85
folic acid deficiency leads to and what cause it?
leads to decrease intestinal absorption, increase in liver retention, increase loss of folate in the urine and fecal. this is caused by alcoholism

NURSING School (17 decks)

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