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NURSING School > NURS 331 > Flashcards

NURS 331 Flashcards

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1
Q

five steps of nursing process

A

assessment, nursing diagnosis, planning (goals and outcome criteria), implementation, evaluation

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2
Q

objective data

A

student nurse observation and physical assessment. medication record, lab tests, diagnosis tests and trends, patient safety, vital signs

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3
Q

subjective data

A

patient reported or other reliable source

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4
Q

holistic assessment

A

individual as a whole

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5
Q

creating nursing diagnosis

A

identify problem, define characteristics, list signs and symptoms

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6
Q

9 Rights of nursing

A

right drug, right dose, right time, right route, right patient, right documentation, right reason, right response, right to refuse

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7
Q

drugs have both

A

therapeutic and adverse actions

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8
Q

drug

A

any substance used in the diagnosis, cure, treatment, or prevention of a disease or condition

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9
Q

generic name

A

standard name, not capitalized

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10
Q

trade name

A

manufactures name, capitalized

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11
Q

pharmacologic

A

structure Ex: nitrates or benzodiazepine

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12
Q

therapeutic

A

beneficial use Ex: vasodilator or anxiolytic

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13
Q

pharmacodynamics

A

study of what the drug does to the body

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14
Q

4 mechanisms of action

A

receptor, enzyme, nonselective, unknown

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15
Q

agonist drug

A

mimics natural chemical response

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16
Q

antagonist

A

blocks receptor site

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17
Q

drug receptor binding is

A

reversible, selective, and is on a grade (the more receptors filled the greater the response)

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18
Q

pharmacokinetics

A

what the body does to the drug (absorption, distribution, metabolism, excretion)

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19
Q

enteral

A

through the intestines (orals)

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20
Q

sublingual

A

under the tongue

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21
Q

ultimate outcome for medication administration

A

safety

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22
Q

buccal

A

between the gum line and cheek

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23
Q

parenteral

A

injectables (IV,IM)

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24
Q

topical

A

creams, eye drops, and transdermal patches

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25
Q

bioavailability

A

amount of drug available for absorption

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26
Q

bioavailability directly into the blood

A

100%

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27
Q

bioavailability of sublingual

A

100%

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28
Q

first pass effect

A

drug passes through liver before reaching circulation

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29
Q

nursing considerations

A

sepsis, ability to safely take oral meds, food, water, antacids, gastric dumping

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30
Q

nursing consideration for IV

A

rapid onset, risk for infection, continuous monitoring, and compatibility issues

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31
Q

nursing considerations for IM

A

longer duration, risk for infection, delayed onset, nursing technique

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32
Q

drug is first distributed to areas

A

of high blood flow and areas of low blood flow second

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33
Q

topical

A

works locally

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34
Q

transdermal

A

works systemically

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35
Q

free drug

A

drug that is not bound to protein

36
Q

most common blood protein

A

albumin

37
Q

pharmacogenomics

A

same drug, but different response in different bodies

38
Q

what type of drugs affect the body

A

unbound drugs. bound drugs are inactive

39
Q

low albumin levels

A

causes more drugs in circulation which can lead to higher toxicity

40
Q

drugs eliminated by

A

kidneys, lungs, liver, bowel, sweat, mammary glands

41
Q

GFR

A

test used to check how well the kidneys are working. Specifically, it estimates how much blood passes through the glomeruli each minute. This gives us an idea of how fast a drug can be metabolized

42
Q

half life determines

A

how often the drug is administered

43
Q

what patients may have increased half life of a drug

A

hepatic or renal disease

44
Q

peak level

A

highest blood level of a drug

45
Q

trough level

A

lowest blood level of a drug

46
Q

toxicity

A

occurs if the peak blood level of the drug is too high

47
Q

acute therapy

A

short term

48
Q

maintenance

A

ongoing

49
Q

palliative

A

comfort or relief/end of life

50
Q

prophylactic

A

antibiotics

51
Q

contraindication

A

specific situation in which a drug, procedure, or surgery should not be used because it may be harmful to the person

52
Q

supportive therapy

A

recovery

53
Q

supplemental therapy

A

replacement

54
Q

medication bound to albumin will be

A

reabsorbed

55
Q

free drug will be

A

eliminated

56
Q

polypharmacy

A

the simultaneous use of multiple medications

57
Q

comorbidity

A

the simultaneous presence of two chronic diseases or conditions in a patient

58
Q

prescription cascade

A

the process whereby the side effects of drugs are misdiagnosed as symptoms of another problem resulting in further prescriptions

59
Q

atrophy

A

decrease or shrinkage in cellular size

60
Q

assessment

A

objective data that includes info available through the senses
Ex: what is seen, felt, heard, and smelled. lab and assessment reports
subjective dat includes spoken info shared by the patient

61
Q

nursing diagnosis

A

after the assessment phase the nurse analyzes data about the patient and formulates nursing diagnosis

62
Q

planning

A

identification of outcomes that are patient oriented and provide time frames

63
Q

implementation

A

nurse intervenes on behalf of the patient to address specific patient problems and needs

64
Q

evaluation

A

monitoring if nursing outcomes are met

65
Q

steady state

A

state in which the amount of drug removed via elimination is equal to the amount of drug absorbed with each dose

66
Q

onset of action

A

time required for the drug to elicit a therapeutic response

67
Q

duration of action

A

length of time that the drug concentration is sufficient to elicit a therapeutic response

68
Q

orphan drug

A

special category of drugs that have been identify to help treat patients with rare diseases

69
Q

idiosyncratic reaction

A

any abnormal or unexpected response to a medication other than a allergic reaction

70
Q

medication reconciliation

A

procedure to maintain an accurate and up to date list of medications for all patients between phases of health care delivery

71
Q

atrophy

A

decrease in overall cell size due to decrease in blood flow, use, hormonal stimulation, or nervous system stimulation.

72
Q

hypertrophy

A

increase in the size of cells in response to increase of mechanical load. most common in kidney and heart

73
Q

hyperplasia

A

increase in the amount of cells in response to injury or hormonal stimulation

74
Q

metaplasia

A

cellular adaptation in which a stem cell in reprogrammed after a mature cell of the same type has been exposed to a stimulus

75
Q

dysplasia

A

abnormal change in the size, shape, and distribution of mature cells. usually associated with cancer. can be reversed

76
Q

hypoxia

A

common cause of cellular destruction. caused by reduction of oxygen in the air, loss of hemoglobin, reduction in the number of RBC, or dysfunction of the respiratory/cardiac systems.

77
Q

free radical

A

electrically uncharged atom that is unstable because it has an unpaired electron which can form a chemical bond and result in toxic result

78
Q

oxidative stress

A

damage from free radicals

79
Q

type of free radicals formed when cells are reperfused

A

reactive oxygen radicals

80
Q

carbon monoxide does what to cells

A

direct effect on cellular respiration and causes hypoxia by depriving cells of oxygen

81
Q

carbon monoxides affinity for hemoglobin is ____ times that of oxygen

A

300 times

82
Q

alcohol is metabolized into what in the liver

A

acetaldehyde which is a toxic metabolite

83
Q

cancers associated with alcohol

A

neck, head, esophagus, and breast

84
Q

folic acid is needed to

A

produce RBC

85
Q

folic acid deficiency leads to and what cause it?

A

leads to decrease intestinal absorption, increase in liver retention, increase loss of folate in the urine and fecal. this is caused by alcoholism

NURSING School (17 decks)

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