317 week 3 Flashcards
nurse responsibilities
o Provide physical exams and health histories
o Health promotion, counseling and education
o Administer medication
o Wound care
o Personalized interventions
o Interpret patient information and make critical decisions about needed actions
o Coordinate care in collaborate with a wide array of healthcare professionals
o Direct and supervise care delivered by other healthcare professionals
o Conduct research about improved practice and patient’s outcomes
Describe the four categories of safety risks in a health care agency.
o Falls
o Patient inherent accidents – self induced
o Procedure related accidents – during therapy
o Equipment related accidents
What do patients want from health care and health care providers?
- Access
- Safety
- Outcomes
- Respect
2018 National Patient Safety Goals
Identify patients correctly, improve staff communication, use medicines safely, use alarms safely, prevent infection, identify patient safety risks, prevent mistakes in surgery
Differentiate between specific risks to the patients in the healthcare environment.
o Falls
o Patient inherent accidents - Self-induced
o Procedure-related accidents - During therapy
o Equipment related accidents
Summarize what you can do as a provider to improve patient safety.
follow protocols, speak up with concerns, listen to patients colleagues and mentors, take care of yourself
Define patient-centered care
•providing care respectful and responsive to patient preferences, needs, values and ensuring patient values guide plan of care
Define evidence-based practice.
process that promotes optimal health care based on research
Define and know examples of never events
serious and preventable events that should never occur in hospital setting; pressure ulcers
Define and know examples of sentinel events
o unexpected outcomes or risks involving death or serious physical or psychological injury. Reported to the joint commission
o example: patient suicide, medication error, delay in treatment
Articulate role of the Florence Nightingale in nursing
o one of the first theorist of nursing
o Credited for modern nursing – turning nursing into a professional role
o Used biostatistics to demonstrate efficacy of her intervention
o transformed nursing to professional role; nature cures, nurses must put patient in best condition for nature to act upon them
definition of a professional nurse
• protection, promotion and optimization of health and abilities, prevention of illness and injury, alleviation of suffering through diagnosis and treatment of human response and advocacy in care of patients
Describe dependent, independent and interdependent nursing actions.
o Dependent – doing something at the direction of the physician - Ex: Medication administration
o Independent - Ex: teaching
o Collaborative interventions (interdependent) - working with someone else to get something done - Ex: referrals
Define domain.
o Domain – perspective or territory of a profession or discipline. It is the knowledge of nursing practice and nursing history, nursing theory, education, and research. Gives nurses a comprehensive perspective that allows you to identify and treat patients’
health care needs in all health care settings
Describe the theory of Henderson.
o Henderson – there are 14 basic life activities a patient needs assistance with, help with these needs until patient is able to do them alone. Ex: breathing, eating/drinking, elimination, movement/positioning, sleep/rest, clothing, body temp., hygiene, safety, communication/socialization/play, practice of faith, learning
Generalize why we use nursing diagnoses instead of medical diagnoses to plan care.
- Medical diagnosis – identification of a disease condition based on a specific evaluation of physical signs and symptoms and medical history. Medical diagnosis remains constant as a condition remains.
- Nursing diagnosis – classifies health problems within the domain of nursing. Can be problem focused or a state of health promotion or potential risk.
- Nursing dx differs by having patients actively involved and are changing constantly on the basis of the patients needs.
Discuss the process of data collection
collection, validation, patient centered
Differentiate between subjective & objective data
- Subjective data: WHAT THEY ARE TELLING ME = symptoms, statements, feelings, perceptions, or concerns communicated by the client, ex: “I feel awful”;
- Objective data: WHAT I SEE = signs, can be observed, measured, or felt by someone other than the person experiencing it, ex: grimacing, withdraws to touch, temp. O2 saturation, BP, ect.
Discuss the process of conducting a patient-centered interview
- Courtesy = KNOCKING BEFORE YOU ENTER, INTRODUCING YOURSELF, ASK HOW THE PATIENT IS DOING,
- comfort = MAKING SURE THE PATIENT IS COMFORTABLE, ASK IF THEY FEEL ANY PAIN,
- connection = MAKE A GOOD IMPRESSION, MAKE EYE CONTACT AND SIT NEXT TO THEM,
- confirmation = ASK A PATIENT TO SUMMARIZE THE TREATMENT PLAN TO MAKE SURE YOU UNDERSTAND EVERYTHING AND THAT THE PATIENT KNOWNS YOU’RE INVOLVED,
- open-ended questions = LONG ANSWERS, NOT YES OR NO QUESTIONS OR YES OR NO ANSWERS
Differentiate between the components of a Nursing Diagnosis, Problem, Etiology and Defining Characteristics.
o Nursing diagnosis – clinical judgement about the patient in response to an actual or potential health problem
Problem (NANDA diagnosis)
Etiology (cause)
Why he has this problem
What we as nurses can do about the problem
Defining characteristics
Validate what is going on
Understand the role of prioritization takes in healthcare
- Ordering of nursing diagnoses or patient problems uses determinations of URGENCY and/or IMPORTANCE to establish a preferential order for nursing actions
- ABC’s – airway, breathing, circulation
- Nurses priorities change as the patient’s condition changes
- high: if not dealt with can cause harm to patient or others
- interm.: non life threatening
- low: intervention for patient’s long term health/future well being
Describe the characteristics of the critical thinker.
Knowledge base Experience Nursing process competence Attitudes Confidence Thinking independently Fairness Responsibility Risk taking Discipline Perseverance Creativity Curiosity Integrity Humility Standards Ethics
Compare and contrast Dreyfus Novice to Expert Critical Thinking Model and Kataoka-Yahiro & Saylor’s Critical Thinking Model
Dreyfus model
o Shows how students acquire skills through formal instruction and practicing
Students move through five stages
• Novice (beginner)
• Advances beginner
• Competence
• Proficiency
• Expert
Kataoka-yahiro and saylor model
Basic
Experts are always right
Complex
Begin to separate learner from authority
Commitment
Anticipates need to make choices and assumes accountability for themIdentify some ways that you can build your critical thinking
o Using a reflective journal
o Making connections
o Meeting with colleagues
o Concept mapping
define paradigm
o Paradigm – a pattern of beliefs used to describe the domain of discipline. Links concepts, theories, beliefs, values, and assumptions accepted and applied by the discipline.
define theory
o Theory – helps explain an event by defining ideas or concepts, explain relationships among the concepts, and predicting outcomes. In the case of nursing, theories are designed to explain a phenomenon such as self-care or caring.
Leininger’s theory
o Leininger - studies of numerous cultures, help develop and protect - know how to care for patient based on their culture allows for comfortable and effective care
nightingale’s theory
o Nightingale - based on bringing patient closer to nature; incorporate good environment to help with healing. Ex: sunlight helps patients with healing.
Orem’s theory
o Orem - teaching patients to be self sufficient, practice self care, Goal: teaching patient to manage own health problems
Neuman’s theory
o Neuman – Focus on systems. Nurses view patient as being an open system that is in constant energy exchange with both internal and external environments. Role of nursing is to stabilize a patient and focus is on wellness and prevention.
Roger’s theory
o Rogers - unitary beings, human becoming/expanding consciousness. Nurses view patients as a unique, dynamic energy field in constant exchange with the environment. Nurses role is to be truly present with patient and accept the patient’s view on reality
Waton’s theory
o Watson – Caring. understand interrelationships among health, illness and behavior - instilling faith for healing environment
Roy’s theory
Roy – Adaptation. People have ability to adapt, nurses need to help them adapt physically, emotionally and mentally.
