317 week 3

Question 1

nurse responsibilities

Answer 1

o Provide physical exams and health histories
o Health promotion, counseling and education
o Administer medication
o Wound care
o Personalized interventions
o Interpret patient information and make critical decisions about needed actions
o Coordinate care in collaborate with a wide array of healthcare professionals
o Direct and supervise care delivered by other healthcare professionals
o Conduct research about improved practice and patient’s outcomes

Question 2

Describe the four categories of safety risks in a health care agency.

Answer 2

o Falls
o Patient inherent accidents – self induced
o Procedure related accidents – during therapy
o Equipment related accidents

Question 3

What do patients want from health care and health care providers?

Answer 3

• Access
• Safety
• Outcomes
• Respect

Question 4

2018 National Patient Safety Goals

Answer 4

Identify patients correctly, improve staff communication, use medicines safely, use alarms safely, prevent infection, identify patient safety risks, prevent mistakes in surgery

Question 5

Differentiate between specific risks to the patients in the healthcare environment.

Answer 5

o Falls
o Patient inherent accidents - Self-induced
o Procedure-related accidents - During therapy
o Equipment related accidents

Question 6

Summarize what you can do as a provider to improve patient safety.

Answer 6

follow protocols, speak up with concerns, listen to patients colleagues and mentors, take care of yourself

Question 7

Define patient-centered care

Answer 7

•providing care respectful and responsive to patient preferences, needs, values and ensuring patient values guide plan of care

Question 8

Define evidence-based practice.

Answer 8

process that promotes optimal health care based on research

Question 9

Define and know examples of never events

Answer 9

serious and preventable events that should never occur in hospital setting; pressure ulcers

Question 10

Define and know examples of sentinel events

Answer 10

o unexpected outcomes or risks involving death or serious physical or psychological injury. Reported to the joint commission
o example: patient suicide, medication error, delay in treatment

Question 11

Articulate role of the Florence Nightingale in nursing

Answer 11

o one of the first theorist of nursing
o Credited for modern nursing – turning nursing into a professional role
o Used biostatistics to demonstrate efficacy of her intervention
o transformed nursing to professional role; nature cures, nurses must put patient in best condition for nature to act upon them

Question 12

definition of a professional nurse

Answer 12

• protection, promotion and optimization of health and abilities, prevention of illness and injury, alleviation of suffering through diagnosis and treatment of human response and advocacy in care of patients

Question 13

Describe dependent, independent and interdependent nursing actions.

Answer 13

o Dependent – doing something at the direction of the physician - Ex: Medication administration
o Independent - Ex: teaching
o Collaborative interventions (interdependent) - working with someone else to get something done - Ex: referrals

Question 14

Define domain.

Answer 14

o Domain – perspective or territory of a profession or discipline. It is the knowledge of nursing practice and nursing history, nursing theory, education, and research. Gives nurses a comprehensive perspective that allows you to identify and treat patients’
health care needs in all health care settings

Question 15

Describe the theory of Henderson.

Answer 15

o Henderson – there are 14 basic life activities a patient needs assistance with, help with these needs until patient is able to do them alone. Ex: breathing, eating/drinking, elimination, movement/positioning, sleep/rest, clothing, body temp., hygiene, safety, communication/socialization/play, practice of faith, learning

Question 16

Generalize why we use nursing diagnoses instead of medical diagnoses to plan care.

Answer 16

• Medical diagnosis – identification of a disease condition based on a specific evaluation of physical signs and symptoms and medical history. Medical diagnosis remains constant as a condition remains.
• Nursing diagnosis – classifies health problems within the domain of nursing. Can be problem focused or a state of health promotion or potential risk.
• Nursing dx differs by having patients actively involved and are changing constantly on the basis of the patients needs.

Question 17

Discuss the process of data collection

Answer 17

collection, validation, patient centered

Question 18

Differentiate between subjective & objective data

Answer 18

• Subjective data: WHAT THEY ARE TELLING ME = symptoms, statements, feelings, perceptions, or concerns communicated by the client, ex: “I feel awful”;
• Objective data: WHAT I SEE = signs, can be observed, measured, or felt by someone other than the person experiencing it, ex: grimacing, withdraws to touch, temp. O2 saturation, BP, ect.

Question 19

Discuss the process of conducting a patient-centered interview

Answer 19

• Courtesy = KNOCKING BEFORE YOU ENTER, INTRODUCING YOURSELF, ASK HOW THE PATIENT IS DOING,
• comfort = MAKING SURE THE PATIENT IS COMFORTABLE, ASK IF THEY FEEL ANY PAIN,
• connection = MAKE A GOOD IMPRESSION, MAKE EYE CONTACT AND SIT NEXT TO THEM,
• confirmation = ASK A PATIENT TO SUMMARIZE THE TREATMENT PLAN TO MAKE SURE YOU UNDERSTAND EVERYTHING AND THAT THE PATIENT KNOWNS YOU’RE INVOLVED,
• open-ended questions = LONG ANSWERS, NOT YES OR NO QUESTIONS OR YES OR NO ANSWERS

Question 20

Differentiate between the components of a Nursing Diagnosis, Problem, Etiology and Defining Characteristics.

Answer 20

o Nursing diagnosis – clinical judgement about the patient in response to an actual or potential health problem
 Problem (NANDA diagnosis)
 Etiology (cause)
Why he has this problem
What we as nurses can do about the problem
 Defining characteristics
Validate what is going on

Question 21

Understand the role of prioritization takes in healthcare

Answer 21

• Ordering of nursing diagnoses or patient problems uses determinations of URGENCY and/or IMPORTANCE to establish a preferential order for nursing actions
• ABC’s – airway, breathing, circulation
• Nurses priorities change as the patient’s condition changes
• high: if not dealt with can cause harm to patient or others
• interm.: non life threatening
• low: intervention for patient’s long term health/future well being

Question 22

Describe the characteristics of the critical thinker.

Answer 22

Knowledge base 
Experience
Nursing process competence 
Attitudes
	Confidence
	Thinking independently
	Fairness
	Responsibility 
	Risk taking 
	Discipline
	Perseverance 
	Creativity
	Curiosity
	Integrity
	Humility 
Standards 
	Ethics

Question 23

Compare and contrast Dreyfus Novice to Expert Critical Thinking Model and Kataoka-Yahiro & Saylor’s Critical Thinking Model

Answer 23

Dreyfus model 
o	Shows how students acquire skills through formal instruction and practicing 
Students move through five stages 
•	Novice (beginner)
•	Advances beginner 
•	Competence 
•	Proficiency 
•	Expert 
Kataoka-yahiro and saylor model 
Basic
     Experts are always right 
Complex
     Begin to separate learner from authority 
Commitment 
     Anticipates need to make choices and assumes accountability for them

Question 24

Identify some ways that you can build your critical thinking

Answer 24

o Using a reflective journal
o Making connections
o Meeting with colleagues
o Concept mapping

Question 25

define paradigm

Answer 25

o Paradigm – a pattern of beliefs used to describe the domain of discipline. Links concepts, theories, beliefs, values, and assumptions accepted and applied by the discipline.

Question 26

define theory

Answer 26

o Theory – helps explain an event by defining ideas or concepts, explain relationships among the concepts, and predicting outcomes. In the case of nursing, theories are designed to explain a phenomenon such as self-care or caring.

Question 27

Leininger’s theory

Answer 27

o Leininger - studies of numerous cultures, help develop and protect - know how to care for patient based on their culture allows for comfortable and effective care

Question 28

nightingale’s theory

Answer 28

o Nightingale - based on bringing patient closer to nature; incorporate good environment to help with healing. Ex: sunlight helps patients with healing.

Question 29

Orem’s theory

Answer 29

o Orem - teaching patients to be self sufficient, practice self care, Goal: teaching patient to manage own health problems

Question 30

Neuman’s theory

Answer 30

o Neuman – Focus on systems. Nurses view patient as being an open system that is in constant energy exchange with both internal and external environments. Role of nursing is to stabilize a patient and focus is on wellness and prevention.

Question 31

Roger’s theory

Answer 31

o Rogers - unitary beings, human becoming/expanding consciousness. Nurses view patients as a unique, dynamic energy field in constant exchange with the environment. Nurses role is to be truly present with patient and accept the patient’s view on reality

Question 32

Waton’s theory

Answer 32

o Watson – Caring. understand interrelationships among health, illness and behavior - instilling faith for healing environment

Question 33

Roy’s theory

Answer 33

Roy – Adaptation. People have ability to adapt, nurses need to help them adapt physically, emotionally and mentally.