Brainscape's Knowledge GenomeTM

Browse over 1 million classes created by top students, professors, publishers, and experts.


See full index

NURSING School > 301 test 3 > Flashcards

301 test 3 Flashcards

You may prefer our related Brainscape-certified flashcards:
Nursing Mental Health flashcards Nursing Management of Care flashcards NCLEX-PN® flashcards NCLEX-RN® flashcards Nursing Fundamentals flashcards Nursing Pediatrics flashcards Nursing Safety & Infection flashcards Nursing Pharmacology flashcards Nursing Maternity flashcards Family Nurse Practitioner (FNP) flashcards
1
Q

CAGE assessment

A

C= have you ever tried to cut back on your use?
A= have you ever been annoyed/angered when questioned about your use?
G= have you ever felt guilt about your use?
E= have you ever had an eye-opener to get started I the morning?
quick questionnaire to help determine if an alcohol assessment is needed
if pt answers yes to two or more then assessment is advised

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
2
Q

dysphasia

A

also called aphasia - difficulty speaking or understanding due to neurological changes

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
3
Q

dysarthria

A

slurring

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
4
Q

dysphagia

A

difficulty swallowing

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
5
Q

first major component regarding care

A

safety

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
6
Q

A&O X 4?

A

patient is aware of person, place, time, and situation

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
7
Q

delirium

A

acute disorder of attention and global cognition (memory and perception)

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
8
Q

essential features of delirium include:

A

acute onset, fluctuating course, inattention or distraction, disorganized thinking to altered LOC

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
9
Q

delirium risk factors

A

dementia, electrolyte disorder/emotional, lung, liver, heart, kidney, brain, infection, Rx drugs, retention of urine, injury, pain, stress, unfamiliar environment, metabolic, MI

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
10
Q

dementia

A

progressive decline in memory and as least one other cognitive area in an alert person

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
11
Q

MMSE

A

mini mental status exam

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
12
Q

dementia that occurs in younger people

A

Korsakoff’s dementia and pick’s disease

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
13
Q

risk factors for dementia

A

age, brain/head injury, fewer years of education, female, genetics, alcohol

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
14
Q

use opioids for

A

acute pain

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
15
Q

two types of nerve fibers

A

A-delta and C-fibers

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
16
Q

A-delta

A

large nerve fibers that conduct rapid pain impulses

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
17
Q

C-fibers

A

small nerve fibers that conduct pain impulses slowly

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
18
Q

Bradykinin

A

pain and inflammatory facilitating substance that is released at the site of injury and causes continued irritation at the site of injury

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
19
Q

A-delta and C-fibers carry signals to

A

Central Nervous System

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
20
Q

blocking impulses

A

stop pain

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
21
Q

facilitating impulses

A

pass on pain

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
22
Q

if pain continues the signal will

A

pass through the spinal cord to the thalamus ending in the limbic system

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
23
Q

limbic system

A

emotions which control pain are produced. stimulus passed on to the cerebral cortex when sensation is recognized

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
24
Q

opioids suppress pain

A

going up

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
25
Q

visceral pain

A

originates from the abdominal organs. is crampy or gnawing

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
26
Q

somatic pain

A

originates from the skin, muscle, bones, and joints. aching or throbbing

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
27
Q

cutaneous pain

A

originates from the dermis, epidermis, and subcutaneous tissue. described as sharp

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
28
Q

referred pain

A

called radiculopathy. originates from a specific site but pain is at another site

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
29
Q

phantom pain

A

originates from the nerve pathway from the amputated extremity

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
30
Q

pain is

A

what the patient says it is, and exist whenever the patient says it is

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
31
Q

acute pain

A

meant to warn the body that some type of injury has occurred. cause in known. duration is short, treatment consists of treating underlying cause

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
32
Q

chronic pain

A

pain that lasts beyond the normal health period and has no role. cause if often unknown, treatment is often pain control not cure

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
33
Q

neuropathic pain

A

peripheral sensitization by which peripheral nociceptors are sensitized to pain stimuli. causes cytokines and growth factors to be recruited prolonging inflammatory response.

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
34
Q

analgesia

A

the inability to feel pain.

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
35
Q

who is most likely to experience more side effects from analgesia

A

elderly

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
36
Q

hierarchy of pain assessment

A
  1. self report
  2. pathological conditions
  3. observe patient behaviors
  4. surrogate reporting
  5. attempt an analgesic trial
How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
37
Q

surrogate reporting

A

ask family members

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
38
Q

self report

A

asking patient their pain based off of numerical scale

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
39
Q

mild pain

A

1-3 range

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
40
Q

moderate pain

A

4-6 range

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
41
Q

severe pain

A

7-10 range

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
42
Q

2 pathologic conditions

A

searching for potential causes of pain

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
43
Q

observe patient behaviors

A

can include CPOT, BPS, NIPS. when in absence of self report, observation of behavior is valid approach

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
44
Q

CPOT

A

critical care pain observation tool

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
45
Q

BPS

A

behavioral pain scale

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
46
Q

NIPS

A

neonatal infant pain scale

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
47
Q

examples of behavioral observations of pain

A

restlessness, guarding, pacing, grimacing, bracing, muscle tension

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
48
Q

diaphoresis

A

sweating

49
Q

wrong baker faces

A

designed for children 3 years and oldeirand with patients with language barrier. use six faces ranging from happy to face with tears

50
Q

patient barriers to pain treatment

A

fear of side effects, addiction, tolerance, and lack go knowledge

51
Q

different nervous systems

A

central, peripheral, somatic, and autonomic

52
Q

central nervous system

A

brain and spinal cord. processes, interprets, and stops info. issues orders to muscles, glands, and organs

53
Q

peripheral nervous sytem

A

transmits info to and from the CNS

54
Q

protective structures of the central nervous system

A

meninges

55
Q

layers of the meninges

A

dura matter - outer layer, arachnoid - middle layer, Pia matter - inner meningeal layer that contains blood vessels

56
Q

cerebral spinal fluid contains

A

glucose, electrolytes, oxygen, water, CO2, protein, leukocytes

57
Q

where is cerebral spinal fluid made

A

in the ventricle

58
Q

how many ventricles are there

A

4- 1 lateral in each hemisphere, 3rd ventricle adjacent to the thalamus, 4th ventricle adjacent to the brainstem

59
Q

grey matter

A

consists of cell bodies

60
Q

white matter

A

myelinated nerve fibers

61
Q

carotid arteries supply

A

blood to the brain

62
Q

vertebral arteries branch into

A

posterior and anterior

63
Q

frontal lobe

A

primary motor cortex responsible for functions related to voluntary motor activity. controls intellectual function, awareness of self, personality, and autonomic responses related to emotion

64
Q

broca’s area

A

in the left frontal lobe. formulation of words

65
Q

parietal lobe

A

contains sensory cortex contains position sense, touch, shape, and texture objects

66
Q

temporal lobe

A

contains primary auditory cortex, wernickes area

67
Q

wernickes area

A

responsible for comprehension of speech, speech production, and interpreting sounds

68
Q

when Broca and wernickes areas are damaged patient has

A

global aphasia

69
Q

occipital lobe

A

primary visual cortex. responsible for reviewing visual information

70
Q

diencephalon

A

made up of thalamus, hypothalamus, epithalamus, and subthalamus

71
Q

hypothalamus

A

regulation of body temperature, hunger, thirst, formation of autonomic nervous system responses, storage and secretion of hormones from the pituitary gland

72
Q

basal ganglia

A

creates smooth, coordinated voluntary movement by balancing the production of acetylcholine and dopamine

73
Q

brain stem

A

10 of the 12 cranial nerves originate from the brainstem

74
Q

medulla oblongata

A

contains reflux centers for controlling involuntary functions such as breathing, sneezing, swallowing, coughing, vomiting, and vasoconstriction

75
Q

what is the number one cause of disability

A

stroke

76
Q

first 7 pair of nerves exit _____ their corresponding vertebrae

A

above

77
Q

remaining spinal nerves exit _____ the corresponding vertebrae

A

below

78
Q

contributing factors to neurological conditions

A

PMH-HTN, HLP, DMII

79
Q

HLP

A

Hyperlipoproteinemia

80
Q

parkinsons causes

A

tremors at rest

81
Q

cerebellar disorders cause

A

tremor with intentional movement

82
Q

dysphagia

A

difficulty swallowing

83
Q

dysphasia

A

difficulty speaking

84
Q

aphasia

A

defective or absent language

85
Q

Cranial nerve 2

A

optic nerve - presence of peripheral vision indicates function of CN

86
Q

cranial nerve 3

A

oculomotor

87
Q

cranial nerve 4

A

trochlear

88
Q

cranial nerve 5

A

trigeminal - test for movement and sensation. wipe a cotton ball along branches of face

89
Q

cranial nerve 6

A

abducens

90
Q

what do cranial nerve 3,4,6 do

A

six cardinal fields of gaze and assessment of pupils via light for constriction

91
Q

ptosis

A

eyelid dropping

92
Q

cranial nerve 7

A

facial nerve - test for movement - have pt perform facial expressions

93
Q

cranial nerve 8

A

acoustic nerve - test for hearing

94
Q

cranial nerve 9

A

glossopharyngeal

95
Q

cranial nerve 10

A

vagus nerve

96
Q

what are you testing with cranial nerve 9 and 10

A

movement of the soft palate and gag reflex

97
Q

cranial nerve 11

A

spinal accessory muscle

98
Q

cranial nerve 12

A

hypoglossal nerve - movement of tongue

99
Q

rombergs test

A

arms are by sides and assess sway

100
Q

types of stroke

A

hemorrhagic and ischemic

101
Q

primary cause for stroke

A

HTN

102
Q

ASHD

A

Arteriosclerotic heart disease

103
Q

what do you not want to have during a stroke

A

acute hypotension

104
Q

what to do during a ischemic stroke

A

glycemic fluids should not be given, should be NPO to control sugars, anticoagulants should be avoided short term

105
Q

what to do during hemorrhagic stroke

A

strict protocols for BP management, ICP monitoring, ventricular drain is placed

106
Q

ICP

A

intracranial pressure

107
Q

FAST

A

face- facial droop
arm - hemiparesis
speech - dysarthria/aphasia
timing - 3 hr window for t-PA

108
Q

hemiparesis

A

Muscle weakness or partial paralysis on one side of the body that can affect the arms, legs, and facial muscles.

109
Q

stroke signs and symptoms

A 
Facial droop
Hemiparesis-Unilateral weakness opposite side of lesion
Recent TIA-Transient ischemic event-This is essentially a stroke that symptoms resolve with in 24 hr.
Dysphagia
Dysphagia
Dysarthria
Apraxia
Double vision
Field cut
Sexual disfunction
110
Q

triad of doom

A

HTN,HLP, DMII - diseases that contribute to stroke

111
Q

how do you differentiate between a DVT and cellulitis

A

use a doppler

112
Q

CIPN

A

chronic illness polyneuropathy

113
Q

Glioblastoma

A

A malignant tumor affecting the brain or spine. the most common brain cancer

114
Q

SDH

A

subdural hematoma

115
Q

SCI

A

spinal cord injury

116
Q

SCI considerations

A 
skin breakdown
bowel and bladder programs - risk for UTI
autonomic dysreflexia
DVT and PE
depression and 90% divorce rate
117
Q

atherosclerosis

A

The build-up of fats, cholesterol, and other substances in and on the artery walls.

118
Q

coronary vascular disease is a risk for

A

stroke

119
Q

dementia vs delirium

A

delirium - Serious disturbance in mental abilities that results in confused thinking and reduced awareness of surroundings.
dementia - A group of thinking and social symptoms that interferes with daily functioning.

NURSING School (17 decks)

Brainscape helps you reach your goals faster, through stronger study habits.
© 2024 Bold Learning Solutions. Terms and Conditions