NURS 301 Flashcards
OLDCARTS
onset, location, duration, characteristics, aggravating and alleviating, related symptoms, treatment, and severity
IPPA assessment techniques
Inspection, palpation, percussion, auscultation
when inspecting skin look for
lesions, tatto, piercings, scars, infections, rashes, bruising, bites, and wounds
when assessing any skin disorder what do you use?
ABCDEF, asymmetric, border, color, diameter, elevation, and feel
where do you test turgor?
under forearm
if tenting is observed
poor skin turgor is noted. tenting= skin slowly receding back into place
Braden skin scale tests and is based off of
tests risk for pressure ulcers. Is based off sensory perception, moisture, activity, mobility, nutrition, and friction and shear
macule
solely a color change ex: freckles, measles
papule
something you can feel. ex: mole, lichen planus, wart
plaque
papule that merge together, ex: psoriasis or lichen planus
patch
macule that are larger than 1 cm
nodule
solid, elevated, hard or soft
wheal
superficial, raised, transient, slightly irregular due to edema. Ex: mosquito bite, allergic reaction, TB testing
urticaria
Hives. very pruritic (itchy)
coalesce
come together to form one mass or whole.
tumor
firm/soft, deeper into dermis. May be benign or malignant. Ex: lipoma
vesicle
elevated cavity containing free fluid. Ex: varicella, herpes zoster
bulla
usually single chambered/superficial in epidermis. Thin wall and ruptures easily. Ex: blister, burns, contact dermatitis
pastule
turbid fluid (pus) in the cavity. elevated and circumscribed. Ex: impetigo and acne
cyst
encapsulated fluid filled cavity in dermis or subcutaneous layer. Ex: sebaceous cyst
crust
thickened, dried out, left when vesicles burst or dry up
scale
compact, flakes of skin, silvery, shedding of dead excess keratin cells
fissure
linear crack with abrupt edges. extends into dermis, dry Ex: athletes foot, cheilosis
cheilosis
painful inflammation and cracking of the corners of the mouth
excoriation
self inflicted abrasion, superficial. Ex: insect bites/intense scratching
erosion
scooped out but shallow depression. moist but not bleeding
lichenification
prolonged intense scratching eventually thickens the skin and produces tightly packed sets of papules. Ex: psoriasis
keloid
scar with excess scar tissue
purpura
small blood vessels join together or leak blood under the skin
petechiae
when purpura spots are very small
ecchymosis
large purpura (looks like bruises) look for multiple area at different stages
alopecia
balding
basal cell carcinoma
most common, starts out as skin colored papule and grows slowly
squamous cell carcinoma
red, scaly, equal to or greater than 1 cm, grows rapidly
melanoma
very aggressive, originates in the melanocytes, most are brown and black, but can be red, pink, purple. kills about 1 person an hour
cultural considerations for skin
coining and cupping
areas of common skin breakdown in supine position
occiput, scalpula, sacrum, heels
annular
ringed with clear center
linear
straight line
circinate
circular like a C
confluent
lesions run together
discrete
individual/distinct
discoid
disc - shaped without central clearing
zostiform
linear clustered along the nerve root
generalized
widespread
villus hair
short, fine, covers most the body, unpigmented
terminal hair
coarser and thicker. pigmented. scalp, eyebrows, pubic hair…
clubbing
shape of nails. late sign of perfusion to peripheral circulation. can be from smoking or congenital
spooning
concave curves in nails. from iron deficiency
jagged
shape in nails from chronic anxiety
pitting
seen in nails from psoriasis
paronychia
infection of the nail folds
