301 review Flashcards
stage 1 pressure ulcer
purple/maroon discolored area/blood filled blister. the skin remains intact, nonblanchable redness
stage 2 pressure ulcer
partial thickness loss of dermis, looks like an open blister, no slough
stage 3 pressure ulcer
full thickness tissue loss, fat may be visible but not bone or tendon, can include undermining or tunneling
stage 4 pressure ulcer
full thickness loss with exposed bone, tendon, or muscle. slough or eschar can be present. high risk of osteomyelitis
unstageable pressure ulcer
full thickness tissue loss in which the base of the ulcer is covered in eschar, slough, or both. eschar has to be surgically removed unless on heal
1st degree burn
superficial
2nd degree burn
superficial partial thickness
3rd degree burn
partial thickness
4th degree burn
full thickness
normal respiratory rates
newborn - 30-60 infant - 30-50 toddler - 25-32 child - 20-30 adolescent - 16-19 adult - 12-20
cystic fibrosis
- mucus producing cells always secreting
precuts excavatum
congenital posterior displacement of lower aspect of sternum. this gives the chest a hollowed out look
kyphosis
causes the patient to be bent forward
adventitious sounds during percussion
hyper resonance (sign of emphysema), dull sounds (signs of fluid, pneumonia, or mass), or no sound present
expected findings of bronchophony
sounds should be muffled, is sounds are clear can indicate consolidation
atelectasis
- consolidation and closing of small airways. will have decreased breath sounds in the bases
pleural effusion
fluid in pleural space
pneumothorax
air in pleural space - can cause tracheal deviation to good side
paresthesia
numbness and tingling
valve stenosis
valve opening is narrowed. tissue is stiffer. heard during diastole when valve is opening. forward flow of blood impaired
valve regurgitation
incomplete valve back flow of the blood. heard when valve is trying to close.
cor pulmonale
right ventricle hypertrophy
what objective finings would you predict to find with mitral valve regurgitation
Many people asymptomatic. Weakness, fatigue, Dyspnea on exertion, palpitations, systolic murmur, possible s3 heart sound. Could be acute- signs of pulmonary edema, thready pulse, cool, Clammy extremities
people with burns are at risk for
hypovolemic shock
normal albumin
3.5-5 gdL
prealbumin normal levels
15-36 mg/dL
normal levels of blood glucose
70-105 mg/dL
how do you calculate BMI with inches and pounds
((weight in pounds/(height in inches x height inches)) X 703
underweight BMI
18.5
esophagus ph
6-8
stomach ph
2-4
liver functions
bile production, secretion to emulsify fat, transfer bilirubin, metabolism of proteins, carbohydrates, and fats, storage of glucose in form of glycogen, production of clotting factors and fibrinogen for coagulation, synthesis of plasma proteins, detoxification of substances, and storage of minerals and vitamins
gallbladder
stores bile produced by liver and ducts drain bile into duodenum
pancreas
produces endocrine secretions and exocrine secretions
Right upper quadrant
liver, gallbladder, pylorus, duodenum, head of pancreas, right kidney, right adrenal gland, hepatic flexure of colon, portions of ascending and transverse colon
left upper quadrant
stomach, spleen, left lobe of liver, body of pancreas, left kidney, left adrenal gland, splenic flexure of colon, and portions of transverse and descending colon
left lower quadrant
portion of descending colon, sigmoid colon, left ureter, left ovary, left spermatic cord, bladder if distended, and uterus if enlarged
right lower quadrant
cecum, appendix, right ovary, right ureter, right spermatic cord, bladder if distended, and uterus if enlarged
peptic ulcer disease risk factors
H. Pylori, NSAIDS, ASA, corticosteroids
tendon
muscle to bone
ligament
bone to bone
vagus
- knocked knees and usually obese
varus knees
- bowed and usually skinny
what is the screening for osteoporosis
Dexa
what withdrawals can kill you
alcohol and benzo
at risk for stroke (CVA)
coronary vascular disease
Sepsis signs and symptoms
high HR, fever, shivering, fever, confusion, shortness of breath, pain, clammy, sweaty
Artery carry no O2
pulmonary artery
only joint that can circumduction
ball and socket
Where do reflexes originate
reflex arc
exception to direction of arteries and veins
- pulmonary vein and artery
