NUR 220 - Lecture 3 Flashcards
what test do we use to test Cranial Nerve II Optic?
snellen chart
what test do we use to test peripheral vision?
confrontation test
what does HEENT stand for?
Head Ears Eyes Nose Throat
hair observations
- fine vs. thick
- shiny vs. dull
scalp observations
- look at it
- feel for lesions
- redness
- flakes
skin observations
- even skin tone
- smooth
- facial hair
- no edema
what is included in gathering head history
- headaches
- injuries
- surgeries
- pain
- sun exposure
- birth history
where is patient looking during confrontation test?
your nose
skull observations
- symmetry
- bumps
- size
- normocephalic
face observations
- eyes + eyebrows
- palpebral fissures
- symmetry
- calm expression
why is it important to gather recent visual changes at the beginning of the eye exam?
you can act quickly
what family history can affect vision?
- cataracts
- glaucoma
- diabetes
- HTN
what STI’s can affect vision?
- chlamydia
- gonorreah
what part of the eye does the Snellen chart test?
CN II Optic
what does the confrontation test assess?
peripheral vision
how many blinks per minute?
15-20
how to look at conjunctiva
pull lid up and pull down
healthy conjunctiva appearance
pink/pale pink
healthy sclera
white + clear
healthy cornea
no film over eye
healthy iris
color is round and consistent
how is the lens tested?
visual acuity tests such as snellen chart
mneumonic for pupil
PERRLA
what does PERRLA stand for?
P - Pupil is
E - equal
R - round
R - reactive to
L- light
A - accommodation
when testing accommodations distance = ____ and close = _____,
distance = dilate
close = constrict
what does 20/50 vision mean?
you have to stand at 20 feet to read what a normal person usually reads at 50 feet
how do we test parallell tracking?
six cardinal fields of gaze test
how is the six cardinal fields of gaze test conducted?
draw a star or an H and have client follow
what is the corneal light relfex test?
shine light at bridge of nose - reflection of light should be the same spot in both eyes
3 types of pupillary response
- direct reflex
- consensual relex
- accommodation
direct reflex
pupil constricts
consensual reflex
when shining light in one pupil, the other one simulatenously constricts
what does the opthalmoscope look at?
retina
what damage can be seen in the opthalmoscope?
damaged to the retina caused by diabetes or hypertension
presbycusis
hearing loss
tinnitus
ringing in ear
ear pain word
otoalgia
vertigo
trouble balancing
pinna of ear should be in line with what?
outer eye
serumen
earwax
what does an otoscope look at?
ear canal
how do you do a whisper test?
stand behind patient, have them cover one ear, say three words and have them repeat it back
how do you do a finger rubbing test?
stand infront of patient and have them close their eyes, rub you fingers on one side of their head and have them tell you what direction the rubbing is coming from
which is first, webber or rinne test?
webber
how do you do the webber test
smack tuning fork and place it on patients forehead. they should hear it equally in both ears
what does it mean is a patient hears the webber test better in one ear?
the ear that they hear it better in has conductive hearing loss
how do you do the rine test?
smack fork and place on patients mastoid bone and count how long they hear it. when they no longer hear it place next to ear and count again.
_____ should be twice as long as ______.
air conduction should be twice as long as bone conduction
if bone conduction is longer than air conduction then that means …
conductive hearing loss
how do you straighten an adults ear for an otoscope?
up and back
how do you straighten a childs ear for an otoscope?
down and back
ethmoid sinus location
bridge of nose between eyes
sphenoid sinus location
behind ethmoid sinus
patency
nose obstruction
what are the two sinuses you can palpate?
frontal and maxillary
cheilitis
chapped lips
cyanosis
blue/purple coloring; in darker tone ppl mouth may appear blue/grey
jaundice
yellow coloring
what is jaundice caused by
liver not processing bilirubin
where do you check for jaundice in darker people?
sclera, palms, soles of feet
erythema
inflammation from bug bite
how to test for erythema in darker people?
feel for temperature
pallor
paleness
ecchymosis
bruising
what is unique about ecchymosis?
color changes as bruises heal
petechiae
pinpoint, flat, red spots
what causes petechiae
small blood vessels rupturing
what are come causes of petechiae (3)
- drug reaction
- liver issue
- or nothing
edema
fluid build up
