NUR 220 - Cardiovasc. + Ab/GI Flashcards
what is the normal heart rate?
60-100 bpm
what area of the heart can become enlarged with cardiac issues?
left ventricle
what are the three layers of the heart from outside to inside
pericardium, myocardium, endocardium
what are the AV valves?
tricuspid and mitral
what are the semilunar valves?
aortic and pulmonic
what is systole?
ventricles contracting
what sound does systole make?
LUB
what valves close during systole?
tricuspid + mitral
what is diastole?
ventricles relaxing and filling
what sound does diastole make?
DUB
what valves close during diastole?
aortic + pulmonic
what is the pacemaker of the heart
sinoatrial SA node
what happens if the SA node fails?
AV node starts
what is the normal rate for the atrioventricular AV node?
40-60bpm
what is the normal rate for the perkinje fibers and bundle of his?
20-40bpm
what happens if the SA and AV node fails?
perkinje fibers + bundle of his start up
why do we always ask about herbal medications?
could interact with prescribed meds
what is rhuematic fever?
unhealed strep throat that causes scar tissue on the heart
what is nitroglycerin?
vasodilator that can relieve chest pain
side effect of nitroglycerin
bad headaches
hemoptysis
coughing up blood
nocturia
peeing at night frequently
unilateral edema
swelling on one side only
when female patients experience edema, what must we ask them?
is swelling associated with menstrual cycle?
intermittent claudication
leg pain while walking but not sitting
arterial insufficiency
blood not getting to lower extremities
what is semi fowlers position?
putting client at 45 degree angle
bradychardia
less than 60 bpm
tachycardia
more than 100 bpm
hypoxia
decreased O2 in blood
what is a doppler?
ultrasound device used to hear pulse
when would you use a doppler?
when you cannot palpate pulse
what is the order in which you should auscultate the heart?
aortic, pulmonic, erbs point, tricuspid, mitral
petractions
chest sunken in
where do you hear the apical pulse?
mitral valve
what is splitting?
extra heart sounds, valves not closing at same time
what is GERD
gastroesophageal reflux disease
abdominal distension
makes you look pregnant
- collection of abdominal fluid
- hard to touch + shiny
ascites
collection of abdominal fluid caused by liver not functioning properly
two positions for abdominal assessment
- supine
- dorsal recumbant
what do you NEVER palpate?
a pulsating mass
if there is pain with kidney palpationg what could that be?
UTI
rebound tenderness
not painful when palpating but painful when you take your hand away
when would peristaltic movement and aortic pulsations be visible?
when the patient is very thin
borborygmi
sounds of peristalsis
bruits
blowing sound caused by blood passing through narrow vessel
how do you auscultate bruits?
bell
stenosis
hardening of artery
where should you listen for bruits?
femoral, iliac, kidney, and aortic arteries
