Nucleic Acids

Question 1

monomers of nucleic acids

Answer 1

nucleotide

Question 2

nucleotides made up of

Answer 2

phosphate group,
sugar,
nitrogenous base

Question 3

charge of phosphate group in nucleotides

Answer 3

negative

Question 4

sugar in nucleotides

Answer 4

5 carbons, deoxyribose and ribose (dna and rna)

Question 5

nitrogenous bases (2)

Answer 5

pyramidines or purines

Question 6

purine

Answer 6

larger, A & G

Question 7

pyramidine

Answer 7

smaller, C, U, T

Question 8

dna bases

Answer 8

ACGT

Question 9

Rna bases

Answer 9

ACGU

Question 10

what is the base connected to; bond name

Answer 10

1st carbon; n glycosidic bond

Question 11

base + sugar

Answer 11

nucleoside

Question 12

3 non-genetic functions of nucleotides

Answer 12

carry energy, coenzymes, signaling

Question 13

chemical energy nucleotides carry

Answer 13

ATP

Question 14

H used to think what held genetic info and why

Answer 14

protein (20 amino acids vs dna 4 nucleotides

Question 15

H who used mice and bacteria, what kind

Answer 15

griffith; pneumonia

Question 16

H griffith used which strain on the first mouse, outcome

Answer 16

S STRAIN of S pneumoniae, dies

Question 17

H, griffith, which strain has a sugar capsule and is it deadly

Answer 17

S strain & is deadly

Question 18

H griffith used this strain on 2nd mouse and outcome

Answer 18

R strain, lived

Question 19

H, griffith, third mouse

Answer 19

s strain heated, mouse lived

Question 20

H, griffith last mice

Answer 20

injected r and heated s strains and mouse died, extracted s from dead mouse and injected into new one & mouse died

Question 21

H, Griffith importance of study

Answer 21

realized something (genetic information) was being passed from cell to cell

Question 22

H 2nd group of people

Answer 22

avery and mcleod

Question 23

H what did avery and mcleod do

Answer 23

broke open capsules and separated biological parts

Question 24

H what did avery and mcleod use (tool) to separate

Answer 24

column

Question 25

H what did avery and mcleod do to see results

Answer 25

added the parts to r-strain cells

Question 26

H avery and mcleod conclusion and results of the last part of expiriment

Answer 26

DNA only changed the strain; conclusion: dna holds genetic info

Question 27

H third people, used bacteriophage

Answer 27

hershey and chase

Question 28

H bacteriophage

Answer 28

viruses attacking bacteria cell; most abundant biological entity

Question 29

H what did hershey use to determine and mark to see which part infects

Answer 29

bacteriophage, radioactive isotopes- labeled cells

Question 30

H, hershey, which parts labeled with what

Answer 30

Dna- 32P (has a phosphate group)

Protein- 35S (sulfur)

Question 31

H, outcome of hersheys expiriment

Answer 31

only p (dna) was in cell, not s (protein)

Question 32

H what three were involved in structure (picture)

Answer 32

franklin-took picture

crick and watson- used picture

Question 33

H what did crick and watson do

Answer 33

realized the shape was a helix, then double helix

Question 34

H chargaff

Answer 34

worked with the bases, recorded the percent of each in various species

Question 35

on what basis does agarose gel electrophoresis separate molecules

Answer 35

size, shape, charge

Question 36

explain migration according to charge

Answer 36

the pos/neg charge makes it move either way

Question 37

why is glycerol added to the solutions before they are loaded into the wells

Answer 37

to weigh them down

Question 38

2 nucleic acids

Answer 38

dna and rna